THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 272.

Reports of Brig. Gen. Alpheus S. Williams, U. S. Army, commanding First Division of, and Twelfth Army Corps.

Headquarters First Division, Twelfth Corps,

Kelly’s Ford, Va., August 22, 1863.

Colonel: In compliance with circular order, Army of the Potomac, August 20, I have the honor to submit the following report (Page 771) of the movements of this division from June 28 to its arrival at Warrenton Junction on July 26 last, excepting July 1, 2, and 3, when the division was under the command of Brigadier-General Ruger:

On June 28, the division marched from Knoxville, Md., to Frederick City.

On June 29, through Frederick to Taney town, Md., and, on the 30th, from Taneytown to Littlestown, Pa. On approaching Littlestown, report was sent me that the enemy’s cavalry, with artillery, were approaching that place, and were probably followed by infantry. Firing was heard at some distance beyond the town. The division was hastened through, and took post to the north of it. It was soon ascertained that our cavalry were driving the enemy’s, and by order of Major-General Slocum, commanding the corps, the division encamped for the night.

July 1.—The division marched to Two Taverns, on the Gettysburg pike, where information was received of the engagement of the First and Eleventh Corps with the enemy beyond Gettysburg. The division moved rapidly up the pike, and when near Rock Creek was directed by a cross-road toward the Hanover road, to occupy an eminence a mile or so east of Gettysburg. The hill was found in possession of the enemy, and the division, when about to assault the position, was ordered to withdraw, as our forces had retired behind the town, which had fallen into the hands of the enemy.

Major-General Slocum having turned over the temporary command of the corps to me, Brigadier-General Ruger assumed command of the division.  

For operations of the division on July 2 and 3, I respectfully refer to the official report of that officer.

July 5.—The division was engaged in burying the dead and collecting arms in front of our positions. One brigade was sent on a reconnaissance toward the Bonaughtown road, and returned through Gettysburg.

Brig. Gen. H. H. Lockwood’s brigade, which reported on the 2d and 3d instant—consisting of the First Maryland Potomac Home Brigade, Colonel Maulsby; First Maryland Eastern Shore Regiment, Colonel Wallace, and One hundred and fiftieth New York Volunteers, Colonel Ketcham—was attached by orders to the division.

July 6.—Marched 3 miles toward Bruceville, and were halted for further orders, and finally encamped for the night.

July 7.—Resumed march at daylight, and encamped about dusk at Monocacy, near Frederick City, after a march of 30 miles.

July 8.—Moved through Frederick, via Middletown and Burkittsville, to Crampton’s Gap, and encamped for the night, one brigade occupying the summit of the pass, and relieving a regiment of the Third Corps.

July 9.—Advanced to Rohrersville.

July 10.—Marched to Bakersville, through Keedysville.

July 11.—Marched to Fair Play; thence to Jones’ Cross-Roads, taking up a position in two lines on the left of the Second Corps.

July 12.—Corrected our line somewhat, and began the construction of breastworks. The enemy appeared in strong force in our front, especially in the vicinity of Saint James’ College.

July 13.—Remained in same position, strengthening defenses.

July 14—The division was ordered to make a reconnaissance along the Williamsport road, in connection with a division of the Second Corps. Marched out at 6 a. m. and sent forward a regiment from (Page 772) each, brigade as skirmishers. Found the enemy’s works deserted, and advanced the skirmishers, followed by the brigades, excepting Lockwood’s, down the peninsula toward Falling Waters, until information was received from the commanding officer of cavalry that the enemy had wholly crossed, when the brigades were halted. Our skirmishers had a sharp engagement with the enemy’s rear guard, and sent in between 200 and 300 prisoners, a special report of which has been forwarded. At 4 o’clock recalled the skirmishers, and fell back and encamped in the vicinity of Williamsport.

July 15.—The division marched, via Sharpsburg, to within 3 miles of Maryland Heights, and encamped on the high grounds in Pleasant Valley, near Sandy Hook.

July 17 and 18.—Remained in camp.

July 19.—The division crossed the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers at Harper’s Ferry, and moved up Loudoun Valley, encamping toward evening near Hillsborough.

July 20.—Marched to Snickersville, and remained in camp there the 21st and 22d. Being somewhat annoyed by guerrilla parties, patrols were sent out, and suspected houses were searched.

July 23.—The division marched, via Upperville, and encamped after dark near Somerset Mills.

July 24.—We advanced to Markham, and, after a halt of several hours, countermarched in the direction of White Plains, and encamped about 10 p. m. in the vicinity of that place.

July 25.—The division marched through Thoroughfare Gap to Hay Market, and on the 26th to Warrenton Junction, via Greenwich, where it remained in camp four days.

On the 31st, it marched to the present camp, via Elkton.

It gives me pleasure to state that during these long marches, exposures, watchings, and battlings, officers and men have conducted themselves with patience, fortitude, and courage.

The reports of brigade and regimental commanders being in the hands of Brigadier-General Ruger, now absent on detached duty, I am not able to forward them with this report, but will do so as soon as received.

These reports, with that of General Ruger and mine, as temporarily in command of the corps (sent herewith), will furnish for the period herein embraced the list of casualties* and the particular participation of the division in the operations around Gettysburg.

I have the honor to be, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

1. S. WILLIAMS,

                        Brigadier-General U. S. Volunteers, Commanding Division.

Lieut. Col H. C. Rodgers,

                Assistant Adjutant-General.

_____________________________________________________________________

* Embodied in revised statement, p. 184.

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______

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

Headquarters First Division, Twelfth Corps,

                                                          Kelly’s Ford, Va., August 22, 1863.

Colonel : The temporary command of the Twelfth Army Corps having devolved upon me from July 1 to 4, inclusive, I have the honor, in obedience to order, to submit the following report of the (Page 773) part taken by it in the recent operations in the vicinity of Gettysburg :

On the morning of July 1, the corps left Littlestown, moving on the Baltimore pike toward Gettysburg. While halting near Two Taverns, information was received that the First and Eleventh Corps were engaged with the enemy beyond Gettysburg, and that Major-General Reynolds was mortally wounded. The corps was immediately put in rapid march toward the scene of action, and Major-General Slocum proceeded at once to the front, to assume command. In this temporary transfer of commands, Brig. Gen. T. H. Ruger took command of the First Division, and Colonel Colgrove, Twenty-seventh Indiana Volunteers, of the Third (Ruger’s) Brigade, First Division. Before reaching Rock Creek, the First Division was directed to the right, following a cross-road to the Hanover road, for the purpose of seizing upon a commanding position easterly of the town of Gettysburg. The position was found to be in possession of the enemy. Preparations were, however, at once made to carry it, and a brigade was advancing up the hill to the assault when information was received that our troops had fallen back and that the enemy occupied the town. To preserve our communications, the division took a position nearer the Baltimore pike, and bivouacked for the night.

The Second Division (Geary’s), under the direct orders of Major-General Slocum, crossed Rock Creek, and took up a position for the night on the left of the First Corps. My headquarters were with the First Division.

Early on the morning of July 2, Brig. Gen. H. H. Lockwood reported to me with a brigade of two regiments, First Maryland Home Brigade, Colonel Maulsby, and One hundred and fiftieth New York, Colonel Ketcham. Our skirmishers were smartly engaged with the enemy toward the Bonaughtown road. The Fifth Corps arrived, and took position on our right.

At 8 a. m. orders were received to unite the two divisions of the corps, and occupy a new line on the right of Wadsworth’s division, of the First Corps, north of Rock Creek. This new line was along the crest of a rocky and wooded ridge of moderate elevation, running in irregular shape in a southeasterly direction from Gettysburg to Rock Creek. Wadsworth’s division, First Corps, occupied the portion nearest the town, or Cemetery Hill. The Second (Geary’s) Division, and First (Colonel McDougall’s) Brigade, of First (Ruger’s) Division, Twelfth Corps, held the rest of the ridge to Rock Creek, and the Third (Colonel Colgrove’s) Brigade, First Division, and Lockwood’s brigade continued the line along the creek almost at right angles to the ridge, 600 to 700 yards to the Baltimore pike. This strong natural position was at once strengthened by construction of log breastworks along the entire crest of the ridge. A thick stone fence parallel to the ridge, less than 50 yards behind it, furnished an excellent cover for this second line.

During the afternoon, three pieces (10-pounder Parrott’s) of Knap’s Independent Pennsylvania Battery, under Lieutenant Geary, and one section (12-pounder Napoleons), K, Fifth U. S. Artillery, under Second Lieut. William E. Van Reed, were placed in position in an open space on the left of the corps, and succeeded in about thirty minutes in blowing up a caisson of the enemy and dislodging a battery of eight guns on an eminence in front of our position. The artillery lost in killed and wounded in this operation 8 men.

Between 5 and 6 p. m. orders were received from Major-General (Page 774) Slocum to detach the First Division (Ruger’s) and Lockwood’s brigade to support the left wing of the army, then heavily attacked. Geary’s division was at the same time ordered to cover and defend the intrenched line of the whole corps. I marched with the supporting detachment with all possible dispatch, under a severe artillery fire, following as nearly as possible the direction of the heavy firing.

When near the position occupied originally by the Second Corps, as I was informed, Major McGilvery, of the Maine artillery (attached to the Artillery Reserve), reported to me that his battery was without support, and threatened by the enemy’s infantry in the woods in front, to which it had just retired, carrying several pieces of our guns. I ordered General Lockwood, whose brigade was in advance, to deploy his line and occupy the woods, which he did in /gallant style, pushing a considerable distance to the front, and recapturing three pieces of artillery abandoned by the enemy in his retreat. Ruger, with the First Division, in the meantime occupied the woods on the left of Lockwood, and pushed forward in two lines, the enemy retiring with but little resistance.

It was now quite dark. I therefore ordered both commands to halt for further instructions, and soon after, in compliance with orders from Major-General Slocum, directed them to return to their original position in the breastworks. Soon after Ruger’s and Lock-wood’s commands had moved out in support, General Geary, by direct orders from Major-General Slocum, was directed to follow with two brigades, leaving Greene’s brigade, of his division, to hold the breastworks. By some mistake, Geary took the road toward Littlestown, and did not join the supporting party. He took up a position on the south side of Rock Creek, from which he was recalled during the night.

General Greene, in attempting to extend his brigade to occupy the entire line of breastworks, after the withdrawal of the rest or the corps, found that the enemy had already seized upon and occupied in strong force the right of the line, from which he attacked Greene’s brigade with great vigor. Fortunately, this brigade occupied a portion of the breastworks, which, turning at almost right angles to the line on the right, ascended a broken and rocky slope toward our left, and presented a steep wall of rock toward the enemy. A narrow space between the angle of the breastworks and the open field toward the Baltimore pike was densely wooded and full of large rocks and bowlders. General Greene seized with skill and judgment the advantages of this position, and held it with his small brigade against overwhelming numbers with signal gallantry and determination. At length, after three hours’ night conflict, having been re-enforced by detachments from the First and Eleventh Corps, and subsequently by Kane’s brigade returning to its position, General Greene succeeded in repulsing the enemy from his immediate front. This gallant officer merits especial mention for the faithful and able manner in which he conducted this defense, and protected, under difficult circumstances, a most important part of our line.

The First Division (Ruger’s) and Lockwood’s brigade reached the open fields behind our breastworks on their return from the left about the time the attacks on Greene were discontinued. General Ruger pushed his skirmishers into the woods, and found the whole of his original intrenched line, as well as the stone fence, held in force by the enemy. Apprehensive of the mishaps and confusion of a night attack upon such concealed positions, he withdrew his regiments, and (Page 775) placed them in two lines, under cover, on the open fields between the breastworks and the Baltimore pike.

Having been called to the headquarters of the army on returning from the left, I did not learn this state of affairs until nearly 12 o’clock at night, when I reported them to Major-General Slocum, and received his orders to drive the enemy from our intrenchments at daylight.

I made such arrangements for a heavy artillery fire, with infantry feints upon the right, followed by a strong assault by Geary’s division from Greene’s position on the left, as I judged would speedily dislodge the enemy. The artillery opened with a tremendous fire at daylight, at from 600 to 800 yards range, which was continued by arrangement for fifteen minutes. On the discontinuance of the fire, the enemy, without waiting our assault, themselves attacked Geary’s division with great fury, and with evident confidence of parrying our position and getting possession of the Baltimore pike, a movement of vast consequence had it been successful. It was plain they had brought up strong re-enforcements at night for this purpose. Prisoners report that their force consisted of two strong divisions of Ewell’s corps. Geary’s division received the attack with marked steadiness and valor. The combat continued for seven hours in almost unremitting fury. During its continuance, Lockwood’s brigade— strengthened during the morning by the arrival of the First Maryland Eastern Shore Regiment—was ordered to re-enforce Geary’s division, and afterward General Shaler’s brigade, of the Sixth Corps, came to its support, and rendered important aid.

In the meantime, Ruger pushed a strong line of skirmishers from his position on the right into the woods and against the stone wall and breastworks on that flank, occupied in strength by the enemy. A broad marsh intervening between his line and the breastworks, presented a serious obstacle to a direct attack, and the stone wall, the natural rocky defenses, and the open, deep, marshy ground on the extremity of the breastworks near the creek, prevented any hopeful attempt to turn this flank of the enemy’s position.

At length, after seven hours’ continuous combat, the enemy attempted to push beyond the intrenchments on our right, and was in turn repulsed and followed sharply beyond the defenses by regiments of the First Division posted in the woods to observe his movements.

An advance from Geary’s division at the same time effectually and finally expelled them from our breastworks, which were at once occupied by our troops in their entire length. Several hundred prisoners were taken in the final charge, and the numerous dead left on the field presented fearful proof of the stubbornness and numbers of the enemy, as well as the coolness and enduring valor of our own troops. At the same time the comparative smallness of our own losses give gratifying evidence of the skill and judgment with which this long and fierce engagement was conducted on the part of our officers.

In the afternoon of the same day, during the severe attack on our left, one brigade of the First Division and Lockwood’s brigade were detached to support the center, but the enemy was repulsed without their assistance.

The enemy kept up strong pickets, and made a considerable front to us during the night of July 3, but on the morning of the 4th were reported as withdrawing. Our line was at once advanced, and occupied the line of Rock Creek without opposition. Subsequently a (Page 776) brigade of the First Division, under the personal direction of Major-General Slocum, made a reconnaissance several miles to the east of Gettysburg, returning through the town.

July 4 was occupied in burying the dead and in collecting arms. This duty was not completed before we received marching orders. The reports of these duties are therefore imperfect. Over 2,000 arms were collected, and more than 600 of the enemy’s dead were buried in front of our positions. Estimates of the number left on the ground are mere conjectures, and furnish no valuable or reliable information.

Our own casualties are reported at 1,088, as follows.*

Officers and men, almost without exception, behaved with coolness, steadiness, and valor, and throughout this great battle upheld with signal fidelity the proud reputation of the corps.

I desire to bring to the notice of the major-general commanding the faithful and gallant conduct of my staff officers, who remained with me while in discharge of my temporary duties as corps commander: Capt. S. E. Pittman, assistant adjutant-general; Maj. P. B. Buckingham, Twentieth Connecticut Volunteers, acting assistant inspector-general; Capt. M. P. Whitney, Fifth. Connecticut Volunteers, provost-marshal of division; Lieut. E. W. Pattison, Second Massachusetts Volunteers, assistant commissary of musters, and Lieut. George Robinson, One hundred and twenty-third New York Volunteers, aide-de-camp.

I forward herewith the reports of division, brigade, and subordinate commanders, excepting the reports of Brigadier-General Ruger, First Division, absent on detached service, which have not been received.

I annex also a small sketch,** which, without any pretensions to accuracy of details, will represent the relative position of the corps as taken up on the morning of July 2, and reoccupied again after the severe conflict on the morning of July 3.

I have the honor to be, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

1. S. WILLIAMS,

Brigadier-General of Volunteers.

Lieut. Col. H. C. Rodgers,

Assistant Adjutant-General.

_____________________________________________________________________

* Embodied in revised statement, pp. 184, 185.  

**See map accompanying General Slocum’s report, p. 760.

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Hdqrs. Twelfth Corps, Army of the Potomac,

                                                                                 September 12, 1863.

General: In reply to circular of September 11, headquarters Army of the Potomac, I have the honor to report that no guns were lost or captured during the recent campaign by this command.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant

1. S. WILLIAMS,

Brigadier-General, Commanding Corps.

Brig. Gen. S. Williams,

                 Assistant Adjutant-General.

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

                                                                                                                         (Page 777)

A D D E N D A .

Headquarters First Division, Twelfth Corps,

                                                     Kelly’s Ford, Va., August 8, 1863.

Brigadier-General Geary,

        Commanding Second Division, Twelfth Corps:

General: In your report of the operations of the Second Division near Gettysburg, you speak of me as commanding First Division. As .1 am preparing a report as temporarily commanding the corps from July 1 to 4, inclusive, it will be necessary for you to correct your report in that particular. I suppose the paragraph I allude to was inserted by you through a supposition that I was to report as division commander.

There is another point of your report, not very material, in which you are in error. The artillery was not ordered to report to you. Its position was fixed by Lieutenant Muhlenberg and myself, and it opened fire on the morning of the 3d under my personal command. I remained with it for some time to notice the effect. It is a matter of very little consequence, however, excepting as a matter of pure, fact, which, in official reports,' becomes sometimes incidentally important.

To speak of me as commanding a division, when I am reporting as commanding a corps, would have a very strange aspect in future history, if there should be any. But for this mistake I should not return the report for correction.

I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

1. S. WILLIAMS,

                                                 Brigadier-General of Volunteers.

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THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 273.

Report of Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Ruger, U. S. Army, commanding First Division.

Headquarters First Division, Twelfth Corps,

                                                            Tullahoma, Tenn., December 5, 1863.

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the First Division, Twelfth Corps, Army of the Potomac, in the battle of Gettysburg:

The Twelfth Corps arrived at the village of Two Taverns, Pa., on the turnpike from Littlestown to Gettysburg, on July 1. The First and Eleventh Corps having engaged the enemy beyond Gettysburg, the corps moved forward to their support. The First Division, leaving the turnpike and bearing to the right at a point about 2 miles from Gettysburg, gained a position threatening the left flank of the enemy, who had compelled the First and Eleventh Corps to retire toward Gettysburg. The appearance of the division in this position at the time it occurred was apparently a timely diversion in favor of our forces, as the farther advance of the enemy ceased.

About sunset, the division, in accordance with orders, took up a position about three-quarters of a mile in rear of the position previously occupied, and so remained during the night of the 1st.

At daylight of July 2, shots were exchanged between our pickets and those of the enemy, with some slight loss on our side.

(Page 778) About this time the advance of the Fifth Army Corps arrived, and took position on the right of the division.

Up to this time the division was under the command of its commander proper—Brig. Gen. A. S. Williams. I now received orders from General Williams to take command of the division, General Williams having been placed in command of the corps. I turned over the command of my brigade, the Third, to Col. Silas Colgrove, Twenty-seventh Indiana Volunteers, senior colonel, and assumed command of the division.

About 9 a. m. I received orders from General Williams, commanding corps, to move the division by the Baltimore turnpike toward Gettysburg, and place it in position next on the right of the Second Division of the corps, distant about l\ miles by the road indicated. I immediately moved the division as ordered, and placed it in position as indicated by General Williams, commanding corps, present on the ground, on the right of the Second Division of the corps and in line of battle, two lines formation, the First Brigade immediately on the right of the Second Division, the Third Brigade on the right of the First Brigade.

The line of the First Brigade was in prolongation of the right portion of the line of the Second Division, and along the crest of a rocky, wooded ridge, called Culp’s Hill, about 700 yards from, on the right of, and nearly parallel with, the turnpike, the right reaching nearly to Rocky Run [Rock Creek], a creek which approached the position from the left and front. The line of the Third Brigade made an angle with that of the First Brigade, inclining to the rear and following the general directions of the creek, and was cut by a marshy ravine or swale, some 50 yards in width, which put in to Rocky Run [Rock Creek] from the rear, leaving space enough on left of swale from the right of the First Brigade line for one regiment front.

Breastworks were immediately constructed of logs, rocks, and earth along the whole line, and at the gap in the line caused by swale, so as to give cross-fire in front of gap. In rear of breastworks of First Brigade, and about 75 yards therefrom, and nearly parallel therewith, was a stone wall, behind which the second line of the First Brigade was placed. In front of the line of the Third Brigade Rocky Run [Rock Creek] was from 4 to 6 feet deep, with muddy bottom, caused by a dam near the turnpike. The whole position was covered with rocks. The ground in front of the First Brigade descended to Rocky Run [Rock Creek], and in front of the Third Brigade, on the opposite side of the creek, ascended therefrom, and was covered with rocks, and wooded.

The following rough sketch shows generally position of troops and main topographical features of ground. (See map annexed.)

The division remained in this position until about 6 p. m., the enemy not having appeared in force in its immediate front. At this time I received orders from Brigadier-General Williams, commanding corps, to move with the division to the assistance of the left of the general line, then hotly engaged with the enemy, reporting my arrival to the corps commander of the forces engaged. The division was moved in the direction ordered, being exposed on part of the line of march to a heavy artillery fire. Having approached the point of heavy fire of musketry, which had become feeble, I formed the division in line of masses preparatory to moving forward.

At this time I received orders from Brigadier-General Williams to move the division back to the position recently left as quickly as

Page 779 Insert sketch page 779 here see OR’s

(Page 780)  possible, and reoccupy the line of breastworks. At about the same time my aide-de-camp, Lieutenant Dechert, who had been sent forward to report the coming of the division, returned and reported that he had seen Major-General Sedgwick, commanding Sixth Corps, and Major-General Sykes, commanding Fifth Corps, who informed him that the attack of the enemy had been repulsed, and the services of the division would not be needed on that part of the field. The division, on receipt of order therefor from General Williams, commanding corps, was moved as rapidly as possible for its former position.

On the march back, I was informed by a staff officer of Major-General Slocum, commanding right of main line, that the Second Division of the corps, which, with the exception of one brigade left to guard breastworks, had been ordered to the left, had been ordered to return to its line of breastworks, and was supposed to be then in possession of them. After crossing the turnpike, I directed brigade commanders to throw forward skirmishers and ascertain if the enemy held any part of the breastworks, and, if not, to occupy them at once. It was ascertained that the breastworks on the right of the swale were unoccupied, and they were taken possession of, but the breastworks on the left of swale, being the whole original position of the First and of part of the Third Brigade, were found to be occupied by the enemy in force. Seventeen men were captured from the skirmish line by the enemy and some captures made by them.

The occupancy of the breastworks by the enemy, and absence of firing from the right of line of Second Division, rendered it evident that the Second Division was not in possession of its whole line of breastworks, a considerable portion of which I soon ascertained was held by the enemy, and also that the Second Division had not returned. I deemed it unwise to attack the enemy, owing to the darkness, difficult character of the ground, and want of knowledge of the force of the enemy, and immediately placed the division in line along the crest of a slight ridge bordering the swale, with the left of the division advanced from the line, the position best adapted to prevent the enemy from advancing toward the turnpike if he should attempt it, and reported the situation of affairs to Brigadier-General Williams, commanding corps. The Second Division came up soon after. No change occurred during the night.

 At 4.30 o’clock on the morning of July 3, fire was opened on the position held by the enemy from a battery placed in position during the night in rear of the left of the then position of the division; also from a battery still farther to the right, on a commanding hill. The enemy soon after moved forward his infantry, and attacked that portion of the line of breastworks of the Second Division still in our possession.

The Twentieth Connecticut Volunteers, supported by the One hundred and seventh New York Volunteers, First Division, was thrown forward from the left of the division into the woods in rear of the stone wall held by the enemy. The general relation of the lines of the First and Second Divisions of the corps was a two-sided, truncated triangle, the apex at which point was the battery from the enemy, the ends toward the enemy inclining to the right and left, respectively, and too strong to be carried, Rocky Run [Rock Creek] protecting the right and strong breastworks occupying the left.

The enemy entered the space between the lines, and attempted to force one of the sides. The ground, covered in most places with large rocks, was unfavorable for rapid movements of troops, and (Page 781) exposed to a cross-fire from the batteries in our rear. No considerable development of line by the enemy that would have been of advantage to him could be made by him in front of lines of either division without exposure of a portion of his line to an enfilading fire of musketry from the other divisions. The batteries fired over the line of the division, which was unavoidable, but the loss from this was small.

This state of things continued until about 10 a. m., the enemy maintaining the attack with great constancy, throwing forward fresh troops from time to time, suffering severely, but gaining no advantage, while our loss was comparatively slight. At this time I received orders to try the enemy on the right of the line of breastworks, to the left of the swale, with two regiments, and, if practicable, to force him out. I sent orders by a staff officer to Colonel Colgrove, commanding Third Brigade, to advance skirmishers against the enemy at that point, and, if not found in too great force, to advance two regiments, and dislodge him from the breastworks. From mistake of the staff officer, or misunderstanding on the part of Colonel Colgrove, it was attempted to carry the position without first ascertaining the force of the enemy. The regiments selected—the Second Massachusetts Volunteers and Twenty-seventh Indiana Volunteers, of Third Brigade—moved forward gallantly, crossed the swale in line under a severe fire, gained the woods on the opposite side, forced the enemy back part way up the slope to breastworks, but could not dislodge him, owing to the natural obstacles to the advance and heavy fire of the enemy from his well-protected position. The regiments were withdrawn. The enemy attempted to follow, but was quickly driven back by the two regiments, who turned and opened fire, assisted by their supports.

About 100 prisoners were captured from the enemy at this time, who was followed by skirmishers.

The One hundred and twenty-third New York Volunteers, First Brigade, which had meantime been advanced from the left of the division, gained the stone wall; the enemy fell back over the breastworks, which were occupied by that regiment and the skirmishers. The line of the division from center to left was at once advanced, and the breastworks reoccupied, the enemy retiring from under fire. The enemy’s sharpshooters kept up an annoying fire from cover in front of the line during the remainder of the day, but no more fighting took place.

At about 2 p. m., in accordance with orders, one brigade (the First) was sent to the support of the left center of main line, its place being temporarily supplied by regiments from Third Brigade. The attack of the enemy was repulsed without the services of the brigade being required, and it returned to its place.

At about 5 p. m. two regiments of Third Brigade—the Thirteenth New Jersey Volunteers, Colonel Carman, and One hundred and seventh New York Volunteers, Colonel Crane—were sent to act as supports to cavalry force of Brigadier-General Gregg on the right of the army, and remained until about 9 a. m. of the next day.  

On the morning of July 4, it was ascertained that the enemy had withdrawn during the night from our immediate front. A reconnaissance, under the direction of Major-General Slocum, was made by the Third Brigade, and Forty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers and Fifth Connecticut Volunteers, of the First Brigade, under my command, around the right of the army, the line of march being along (Page 782) the turnpike about 2 miles, thence by a cross-road to the Hanover road, and by the Hanover road to Gettysburg. The enemy had wholly withdrawn from the front of the right of the army. General Williams at this time resumed command of the division, and I of the Third Brigade.

The services of the division in defeating, in conjunction with the Second Division of the corps, the attack by a superior force of the enemy on July 3, on that portion of the general line held by them, were of the first importance. If the enemy had succeeded, and thereby gained possession of the turnpike and a position in rear of Cemetery Hill, the army would have been in great peril.

There were present with me, of my staff, First Lieut. Robert P. Dechert, acting assistant adjutant-general and aide-de-camp; First Lieut. William M. Snow, acting assistant inspector-general, and Second Lieut. James E. Crane, aide-de-camp, who performed their duty faithfully.

The following is a statement of force carried into action* and of casualties.**

Of the brave dead is Lieutenant-Colonel Mudge, Second Massachusetts Volunteers, a gallant officer, who was killed while in command of his regiment, in the charge on the right on the forenoon of July 3.

Accompanying are the reports of brigade commanders, to which I respectfully refer for details of the parts taken by their respective brigades.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

                                                    THOS. H. RUGER,

     Brig. Gen. of Vols., Comdg. First Div., Twelfth Corps.

Capt. S. E. Pittman,

           Assistant Adjutant-General.

_____________________________________________________________________

* Of the First Brigade, 1,830, and of the Third Brigade, 1,571,

**Embodied in revised statement, p. 184,

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THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 274.

Report of Col. Archibald L. McDougall, One hundred and twenty-third New York Infantry, commanding First Brigade.

Hdqrs. First Brig., First Div., Twelfth Army Corps,

                                                                   Catlett’s Station, Va., July 26, 1863.

Captain: I have the honor to report that after a march from near Stafford Court-House, Va., commencing on June 13, this brigade arrived on June 30 at Littlestown, Pa., when we first came in proximity to the enemy. On our appearance, he immediately withdrew, and we remained near Littlestown, on the Hanover road, until the 1st instant, when we resumed our march toward Gettysburg.

Arriving near this place toward evening, we formed a line of battle about 1.5 miles from the town, in rear of the Third Brigade of this division, and about half a mile to the right of the pike on which we had been marching. Remaining in this position but a short time, about dusk we were withdrawn, and placed upon the right of said pike, and there we lay upon our arms until morning. (Page 783)

July 2.—General Williams, commanding the division, having been placed in command of the corps, General Huger, commanding the Third Brigade, assumed command of the division.

Early in the morning we were again moved to the front upon the right, when we formed a line of battle, threw out skirmishers, and held this position until about 11 a. m., when we were withdrawn, and marched by the way of Littlestown and Gettysburg turnpike across Rock Creek, and formed in the woods about half a mile to the right of Cemetery Hill, in two lines of battle, on the right of the Second Division of this corps, under command of General Geary; our rear line behind a stone wall, our front line parallel to the stone wall and about 40 paces in advance, when we immediately built breastworks to protect the front line.

The brigade, after having established its breastworks in front, with the stone wall in rear, had a very strong position, and was able to resist almost any assault that could have been made in front.

Late in the afternoon, I received orders to march in the rear of the Third Brigade, and we proceeded about 1.5 miles to the left of the general line, where our forces had been having a desperate engagement with the enemy, and which continued until our arrival, and we commenced forming a line of battle by way of relieving and re-enforcing our exhausted and wearied troops, which had been maintaining the fight on this part of the line.

The enemy at this moment withdrew, and we remained in line until dusk, when the general commanding the division ordered me to return in the same order to our intrenchments. Before arriving at our former position, anticipating that the enemy might be occupying our works, before entering the woods south of the works, pursuant to orders from the general commanding, the brigade was placed, in double line of battle, and one company from the One hundred and twenty-third New York Volunteers and one from the Fifth Connecticut were forwarded into the woods as skirmishers, with instructions to approach cautiously the intrenchments and ascertain whether they were occupied or not.

It was soon ascertained by the skirmishers that the enemy had not only obtained possession of our works, and were occupying them in force, but had advanced into the woods south of them. On our men retiring, they were fired upon by the enemy from the woods south of the works and immediately in front of our line. This firing temporarily produced some confusion upon the right of the rear line, occupied by the One hundred and forty-fifth New York Volunteers, under the command of Col. E. L. Price, who, for the time, apparently lost command of his men. By the steadiness of the line in front and left of the rear line, the efficient action of the various members of my staff, strongly aided by the general commanding, present at the time, the men soon resumed their position, and order was restored.

The One hundred and twenty-third New York Volunteers, which was one of the regiments in the front line, lost 1 man killed—but whether it was from the fire of the enemy or from a responding fire improperly commenced by some of our men in the rear line cam not be determined—when this brigade, under the orders of the general commanding the division, was moved a short, distance to the rear, where they were, in a measure, concealed by a rise of ground in front, and remained upon their arms until morning.

Skirmishers advanced during the night. Lieut. Marcus Beadle; Company I, One hundred and twenty-third New York Volunteers, (Page 784) in command of the company of skirmishers sent from that regiment, was, while reconnoitering near the intrenchments, taken prisoner, as also were 5 men of the company of the Fifth Connecticut Volunteers.

July 3.—An attack was made in the morning upon the enemy in our intrenchments both by infantry and artillery. The Twentieth Connecticut Volunteers were advanced into the woods in front of our troops, where the enemy had posted himself, and to which point was evidently advancing more forces. Lieutenant-Colonel Wooster, who was in command of this regiment, had a difficult and responsible duty to perform. He was not only required to keep the enemy in check, but encountered great difficulty, while resisting the enemy, in protecting himself against the fire of our own artillery, aimed partly over his command at the enemy in and near our intrenchments. His greatest embarrassment was, the farther he pushed the enemy the more directly he was placed under the fire of our own guns. Some of his men became severely wounded by our artillery fire.

For several hours this regiment occupied a most important position in these woods south of our line of intrenchments in preventing the enemy getting around the right of General Geary’s forces in the intrenchments on our left, and holding the enemy back so that our artillery could have free play upon his columns without destroying our own troops.

About 2 p. m. this regiment was relieved by the One hundred and twenty-third New York Volunteers, which soon reported to me that, not finding any enemy, they had entered and then held the breastworks, which information was immediately communicated by me to the general commanding the division, when I received orders to move the other regiments of my brigade into the intrenchments, which was immediately done.

During the cannonading in the forenoon from the battery placed upon a hill in our rear, the fire of which was directed over the regiments of this brigade at the enemy in our intrenchments in our front, Col. E. L. Price, One hundred and forty-fifth, sent a messenger to me, informing me that this battery was firing very low and near his command. The messenger to me asked by me if any of the troops had been hurt, to which the messenger replied that they had not, so far as he knew or had heard. Recollecting the near approach to a panic to which Colonel Price’s command had reached the evening before, without any sufficient cause, and at this time not hearing any complaint from other regiments of the brigade equally exposed, I made the cautionary remark, in reply, that Colonel Price should not get frightened before he was hurt, or words to that effect. Afterward I was informed by officers in command of other regiments that men in their regiments had been wounded, and by the fire of this battery, when I immediately dispatched Capt. E. J. Rice, my acting assistant adjutant-general, to the commanding general and the officer commanding the battery, with information of the fact, requesting of this latter officer that proper and adequate care should be used to avoid the infliction of further injury. Whether from want of proper heed to this remonstrance on the part of the persons in charge of the battery, or whether from imperfect fuse or defective shells, most probably the latter, -other men in different regiments were afterward wounded and some killed, when further remonstrance was made, and the command was ordered some distance to the rear, near the creek at the base of the hill, and while here a shell under my own eye. fell unexploded into this creek in the rear of my men. No further injury, (Page 785)  however, I believe, occurred from this source. Col. E. L. Price, One hundred and forty-fifth New York Volunteers, in his report, says:

I dispatched Sergt. Maj. M. J. Shanly to inform the colonel commanding the brigade that several of my men had been wounded by the fire of our own artillery. On the delivery of this message, the said Sergeant-Major Shanly was instructed by the commanding officer of the brigade to tell Colonel Price not to fret. Shortly after the arrival of this message, 3 more of my command were wounded, including a commissioned officer.

No such message was communicated to me by Colonel Price through Sergeant-Major Shanly or any other person, but, on the contrary, the .messenger from Colonel Price, with the only communication to me from him on this subject, distinctly told me, in reply to a question asked by me, that none of the troops had been hurt, as far as he knew or had heard, as before stated. Colonel Price’s report is forwarded with this correction in statement of facts.

After the arrival of the several regiments of the brigade in the intrenchments, a heavy cannonading was commenced upon our left, and as the line of the breastworks occupied by this brigade was perpendicular to the position of the general line on the left attacked, my command for several hours was under the range of the artillery of the enemy, covering us with an enfilading fire, shells and solid shot passing through and crushing the tops of trees over our heads and falling within and on both sides of our works. The command bore this dangerous fire with commendable coolness.

Pursuant to orders from division headquarters, between 4 and 5 p. m., having been relieved in the occupancy of the breastworks by regiments from the Third Brigade, I proceeded with my command to the rear of the left center, near the headquarters of the commander-in-chief, when I was halted in column by an officer from the headquarters of the army, who had met me on the march and conducted me to this position. While at a halt, I received orders from the major-general commanding the corps to remain here until further orders, and, after remaining in this position about three-quarters of an hour, the enemy having been repulsed completely along our whole line, I was ordered, by order from corps headquarters, to return to my breastworks. In returning, I was ordered to place a portion of my command in rear of the Third Brigade, in doing which, while passing through a ravine, Capt. Norman P. Weer, of the One hundred and twenty-third New York Volunteers, a brave and most valuable officer, was wounded in the knee by a musket-shot from one of the enemy’s sharpshooters, and has since died. Several men in this regiment were also wounded.

On this day, while behind the breastworks engaged with the enemy’s sharpshooters, Capt. Henry Fenton, Company G, Third Maryland Volunteers, an excellent and gallant officer, was killed by a musket-ball through the head, entering his forehead.

While in the breastworks this afternoon, my command was subjected to a very annoying fire from concealed sharpshooters in the woods in front.

In the early part of the evening, the regiments of the Third Brigade were removed from my breastworks, and the regiments of my brigade resumed their former position.

During the forepart of the night, a fire was elicited from my front line by some firing from the enemy in front, which, however, was of short duration and without injury to our side.

(Page 786) July 4.—The One hundred and twenty-third New York Volunteers, Fifth Connecticut, and Forty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers were detached from my brigade and placed under the command of Colonel Colgrove, of the Twenty-seventh Indiana Volunteers, and, in connection with other regiments of the Third Brigade of this division, with a battery attached, made a reconnaissance in front of the right of our line, around and through the town of Gettysburg, when they returned to the intrenchments.

During this day, the enemy having retired the night before, my command was engaged in gathering arms left on the field by the enemy and taking care of the wounded and burying the dead of both friend and foe.

July 5.—The burying of the rebel dead was still continued in front of our line until all were buried. A very large number of the enemy’s dead and wounded were found in the woods in rear, within and in front of our intrenchments. Many were killed by our artillery fire, but the large majority by musketry.

About 10.30 a. m. the brigade, in connection with the corps, commenced march, and proceeded by way of Littlestown, Pa., Frederick City, Md., and Crampton’s Gap to near Fair Play, Md.

July 11.—Formed line of battle.

July 12.—In connection with the other brigades of the division, we advanced our line of battle upon the left of the Williamsport and Hagerstown pike about a mile, and remained in this position for awhile, when we fell back about 400 yards, and commenced building breastworks.

July 13.—We remained behind our breastworks, having a line of pickets in front.

July 14.—The brigade was moved to the front; formed a line of battle on the left of the pike ; threw out the Third Maryland Regiment as skirmishers, who soon reported that the enemy had evacuated their position in front the night before, when we commenced our march in column down the pike toward Williamsport, and, after advancing about 2 miles, turned to the left toward Falling Waters, and, after proceeding about 2 miles farther, were halted, when our skirmishers, who had preceded us, brought in 6 commissioned officers and* 235 enlisted men as prisoners, bein^ a portion of the rear guard of the enemy. It was ascertained at this time that the enemy ad crossed the river, and for the time had eluded our pursuit.

During July 2 and 3, Brig. Gen. A. S. Williams being in command of the corps, 1 was under the immediate command of Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Ruger, commanding the division, and most, if not all, the movements detailed by me during these two days were under his immediate eye and constant advisement, and I cannot let this opportunity pass without acknowledging my obligation to him for the aid and. support I derived during those trying days from his superior experience, as well as for the confidence and encouragement inspired by the kind and generous manner in which he maintained the command.

It is also my duty to acknowledge the brave and gallant manner with which Lieutenant-Colonel Wooster, commanding the Twentieth Connecticut Volunteers, as well as the officers and men under his command, while in action on the 3d instant, aided in the recovery of our intrenchments. For several hours, without flinching, they maintained a steady contest with the enemy, enduring part of the time an afflictive and discouraging, though accidental, fire of our own batteries.

(Page 787) Much credit is also due to the gallant and prompt manner with which Capt. A. H. Tanner, in command of the One hundred and twenty-third Regiment New York Volunteers, relieved the Twentieth Connecticut Volunteers, and took and held possession of the breastworks until the arrival of the other regiments of the brigade.

I cannot omit to acknowledge the cordial co-operation of Colonel Sudsburg, of the Third Maryland Volunteers; Colonel Packer, of the Fifth Connecticut Volunteers, and Colonel Self ridge, of the Forty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers (though my juniors in rank, yet my seniors in military experience), in all the arduous duties to which this brigade was subjected, not only during the battle at Gettysburg, but both before and during the march afterward and the operations near Williamsport.

But higher, and above all, appear conspicuous the courage, endurance, constancy, and. fidelity of the men of the six regiments composing the brigade, without an exception; unawed by danger, unsubdued by privation, fatigue, and hardships, no duty could be or was required of them but was promptly and faithfully performed.

While my command was not brought into as severe action as others, I deem it safe to assume, if not assert, it performed and was subjected, in connection with other troops of the corps, to more varied movement than any other troops on the field.

On July 1, it was placed in position upon the extreme right of the general line.

On the morning of the 2d, it was placed in another position, still on the right. We were that forenoon moved H miles to the right center, where we built breastworks.

In the afternoon of that day we were marched to the extreme left of the line, to return and find our former position occupied by the enemy. In the morning of the 3d, the corps had a protracted and fearfully severe contest with the enemy in retaking our lost position. This being done, my brigade was moved to the left center to re-enforce troops, and for a while was under the most terrible and desperate attack of the battle.

While action in battle did not follow all of these movements, troops from the Twelfth Corps seemed to be everywhere present along that whole line of battle of 6 miles in extent, wherever troops were or might be needed, and always in time, ready for any dire emergency.

I append a list of casualties to my report,* and, in conclusion, cannot omit to mention the efficient aid rendered me during the battle by the various members of my staff. Lieutenant [Darwin S.] Gilger, aide-de-camp, was severely wounded during the terrible artillery fire of the afternoon of the 3d. Capt. William Cogswell, assistant inspector-general, rendered me valuable aid, and Capt. E. J. Rice, acting assistant adjutant-general, distinguished himself by marked fearlessness, and by being ever present where his services were required, and prompt in their discharge.

Very respectfully, your most obedient servant,

1. L. McDOUGALL,

               Colonel 123d New York Vols., Comdg. First Brig,

Capt. S. E. Pittman,

         Asst. Adjt. Gen., First Division, Twelfth Army Corps.  

_____________________________________________________________________

* Embodied in revised statement, p, 184.

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THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

 788

Headquarters 123d New York Volunteers,

                                                                                      August 13, 1863.

Lieutenant: I have the honor to report, in compliance with your request of August 13, the number of men carried into the engagement at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 2, and 3, of each regiment belonging to the First Brigade, First Division, Twelfth Corps, as follows:

Twentieth Connecticut Volunteers (July 1)...............:................ 321

Twentieth Connecticut Volunteers (July 2)................................ 317

Twentieth Connecticut Volunteers (July 3).... ........................... 310

Third Maryland Volunteers (July 1).......................................     290

Third Maryland Volunteers (July 2)............................................

Third Maryland Volunteers (July 3)............................................

Forty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers.....................................     262

One hundred and forty-fifth New York Volunteers....................245

Fifth Connecticut Volunteers.............................................         221

One hundred and twenty-third New York Volunteers................495

       Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

1. L. McDOUGALL,

Colonel 123d New York Vols., Comdg.

First Brig. Lieut. Robert P. Dechert,

    Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen., Third Brig., First Div.

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THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 275.

Reports of Col. Warren W. Packer, Fifth Connecticut Infantry.

                                                          Camp near Snickersville, Va.,

                                                                                            July 21, 1863.

Colonel: In reply to orders from brigade headquarters, July 19, 1863, I have the honor to report concerning the movements of this regiment since leaving Stafford Court-House, Va., and up to the time of its arrival at camp near Snickersville, Va.

We left Stafford Court-House June 13, and, marching by way of Dumfries, Fairfax Court-House, and Dranesville, stopping for one day at Fairfax Court-House, arrived at Leesburg upon the 18th. Here the regiment was detailed for provost duty in the city, remaining one week.

Resuming the march, we crossed the Potomac at Edwards Ferry June 26. We then moved by way of Point of Rocks and Jefferson to Frederick, Md., reaching the latter place June 28. From thence we moved the following day toward the Pennsylvania line, marching by way of Walkersville, Woodsborough, and Ladiesburg, to Littles-town. At about the distance of 1 mile from the latter place, this regiment was thrown out as picket upon the left of the turnpike, distant from it about 1 mile, remaining but three hours, when we rejoined the brigade.

The following morning, July 1, marched from thence to within 1 mile of Gettysburg, Pa. We then filed to the right, and, after marching nearly 1 mile, formed *line of battle; were then ordered to support a section of Battery M, First New York Artillery. Upon being relieved of this duty, we were thrown forward as skirmishers.

On the morning of the 2d, we rejoined the brigade, which moved forward, taking a new position, which we proceeded to fortify by throwing up breastworks.

                                                                                                                        789

On the evening of the 2d, we moved to the left about 2 miles, remaining but a short time. Upon attempting to return to the breastworks, we found them occupied by the enemy, in consequence of which, after detailing Company E as skirmishers, they losing 5 men taken prisoners, we remained in the field until the morning of the 3d, occupying the same position until 12 m., when the regiment moved a short distance to the rear, taking position in a ravine, for the purpose of watching the movements of the enemy upon our right flank.

Left this position at 5 p. m., moving to the rear by the Bonaughtown road about 2 miles, in support of General Gregg’s cavalry.

Remained here until 7 a. m. July 4, when we resumed our old position in the breastworks previously constructed (in so doing marched completely around our right flank; also in front of our line of battle, being the first regiment of infantry to pass through the town of Gettysburg), holding the same until 11 a. m. the following day, July 5, when, it having been ascertained that the enemy were retreating toward the river, we left the latter position and retraced our march, arriving at Frederick, Md., July 8, passing directly through the city, and, by way of Middletown, Burkittsville, and Crampton’s Gap, arrived at Fair Play on the morning of July 11, when we were thrown forward as skirmishers, and were relieved by details from different regiments at 6 p. m, of the same day.

July 12.—Remained in line until 11 a. m., when we moved forward to the extreme front of the ground skirmished over the previous day. Later in the day we moved to the rear for better position, and commenced erecting breastworks, continuing them until finished, July 13.

July 14.—Moved forward to within 1-J miles of Falling Waters, when, it being ascertained that the enemy had escaped across the river, we moved 2 miles to the*rear, remaining over night. The following day, July 15, marched in the direction of Maryland Heights, by way of Fair Play, Antietam, and Sharpsburg, arriving at night near Maryland Heights.

July 16.—Resumed the march, and, crossing the Heights, arrived at camp, near Sandy Hook, at 10 a. m. of same day. Here we remained, obtaining supplies, &c., until the 19th, when we crossed the Potomac at Harper’s Ferry, and marched to camp, near Snickersville, Va., arriving at nightfall July 20, where we now remain.

          I am, with respect, your obedient servant,

                           WARREN W. PACKER,

               Colonel Fifth Connecticut Volunteers.

Col. A. L. McDougall,

        Comdg. First Brigade, First Division, Twelfth Corps.

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THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

                                                                                    Kelly’s Ford, Va.,

                                                                                                August 16, 1863.

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following official report of the operations of this regiment during the recent campaign, from June 13 to August 2, inclusive :

On June 13, orders were received to move at sunrise, at which time line of march was taken up in direction of Hope Landing, on Aquia Creek, where we arrived at 4 p. m. An hour later, orders were received to march immediately, and, retracing our march from Stafford (Page 790) Court-House, we continued the same all night, reaching a place called Dumfries at 12 m. the following day.

Here we remained until 3 a. m. June 15, when we resumed our march, crossing the Occoquan, and arriving at Fairfax Court-House, Va., at 10 p. m. This march was peculiarly exhausting to the men, as the weather was intensely warm and the distance nearly 30 miles.

Remaining here until the morning of June 17, we again broke camp at 3 a. m., marching in the direction of Leesburg, encamping at night near the cross-roads.

In the morning resumed the march at 7 o’clock, reaching Leesburg at 6 p. m., and had but just encamped when orders were received detailing my command as provost guard. Accordingly, we moved into town, and were quartered in previously unoccupied buildings.

We remained in Leesburg until Friday, June 26, performing guard and other duties necessary to the maintenance of order. Upon this day, the remainder of our corps having left the vicinity, my command was ordered to hold the town until the Fifth Corps should move up and relieve us. Upon the arrival of the latter, we took up our line of march, crossing the Potomac at Edwards Ferry, encamping near the Monocacy River.

The following morning, 27th, we rejoined the brigade, and moved toward Knoxville, Md., arriving there at 9 p. m.

The following day we resumed the march in the direction of the city of Frederick, encamping there for the night.

Upon the 29th, we reached Woodsborough, where we remained until morning, when we moved toward Littlestown, Pa.

At 10 a. m., hearing that the enemy were in our front prepared for action, the regiment was ordered out to protect a road upon the left, but saw no enemy.

At 2 p. m. we rejoined the brigade, and went into camp near Littlestown, Pa.

Upon the morning of July 1, we moved forward as far as Two Taverns, where we arrived at 11 a. m., and could distinctly hear the sounds of the engagement then progressing in front.

At 12 m. we advanced to the vicinity of Gettysburg, and immediately took up position upon the extreme right, this regiment being ordered to support Battery M, First New York Artillery.

At 6 p. m. we took up a new position, when my command was thrown forward as skirmishers 1.5 miles in advance of the brigade, and remained in this position all night, or until 4 a. m. on the morning of the 2d. During this time saw no enemy. We then received orders to rejoin the brigade, and, upon so doing, the whole moved forward to a new position upon the right, and commenced throwing up breastworks. Brisk skirmishing was in progress all the morning both upon the left and center.  

About noon, the artillery opened along the entire line, the fighting being very severe.

At 4 p. m. our division was ordered to the extreme left, in assuming which position we passed through a heavy fire of artillery. Arriving at the designated point, the danger being over, we were ordered back to our position in the breastworks. Having arrived near them at 9 a. m., we learned that they were occupied by the enemy in force. The commanding general immediately threw forward skirmishers to ascertain the situation of affairs, Captain Chinery and 13 men from his company (E) composing a part of the same. Their instructions were not to fire upon or otherwise alarm the (Page 791) enemy, but merely to ascertain and report their strength and position. In endeavoring to carry out these instructions, 5 enlisted men of my command were taken prisoners. Others coming in reported our works occupied by the enemy in heavy force.

At about 10 p. m., as we were preparing to move back to the crest of the hill in our rear, we received a volley from the enemy’s skirmishers. No damage was done, however. Having reached the crest of the hill, we passed the night in that position.

At 4 a. m. July 3, the battle opened upon our side by twenty pieces of artillery sweeping the woods in which the enemy was concealed, our regiment being at the same time in reserve.

At 10 a. m. we were ordered to move back about half a mile, for the purpose of watching the movements of the enemy upon our right. Having taken our position, skirmishers were thrown forward, but were troubled by no one excepting the enemy’s sharpshooters. Here we remained until 6 p. m., when we were ordered to report with the Thirteenth New Jersey as support for General Gregg’s cavalry, who were protecting the extreme right of our army. We moved 9ft about 2 miles, and stopped for the night.

Our loss this day (July 3) was 3 men wounded by fragments of shell.

At 7 a. m. July 4, we moved around, passing over the ground previously occupied by Ewell’s corps of the rebel army, into Gettysburg, rejoining the brigade at 10 a. m., and remaining in this position all night.

The following day we marched back to Littlestown, and remained all night.

On July 6, marched at 7 a. m., but were halted after going about 3 miles, as the fighting was renewed at the front.

On July 7, marched toward Frederick City, encamping within 5 miles of the town.

On July 8, we moved at 5 a. m., passing through Frederick City, and Middletown, halting for the night at Burkittsville, near Crampton’s Gap.

Leaving Burkittsville on the 9th, passing over the mountain through Crampton’s Gap, we encamped at 11 a. m. in Pleasant Valley.

Broke camp at 4 a. m. the morning of the 10th; passed through Keedysville, and soon after crossing Antietam Creek, were drawn up in line of battle; but it having been ascertained that there was no enemy in front, we went into camp.

Upon the 11th, we left camp at 7 a. m., and, soon after advancing through Fair Play, found the enemy’s pickets. My command was then thrown forward as skirmishers, and as such were briskly engaged all day. At sundown we rejoined the rest of the brigade.

At about 10 o’clock upon the 12th, we moved to the front about 1 mile from line of battle, and commenced building breastworks, working all night. It was expected that we should receive orders to advance upon the morning of the 13th, but no such orders being received, we continued work upon the breastworks, finishing them at nightfall.

At 4 a. m. 14th, we advanced, or rather broke camp, and at 7 o’clock were fairly in motion, without opposition, in the direction of Williamsport, the skirmishers, however, taking many prisoners.

At 2 p. m. we halted, all the rebels being driven across the Potomac.

At 3 p. m. we left Falling Waters, and marched for Williamsport, where we encamped.

(Page 792) The following day we again marched, encamping at night in Pleasant Valley.

Continued our march the ensuing day toward Sandy Hook; crossed the mountain, and encamped upon the ground occupied by the regiment upon their first arrival in Maryland, August 1, 1861. Here we remained until Sunday, July 19, when we crossed the Potomac into Virginia for the fourth time, and encamped in Loudoun Valley.

Upon the following day we reached Snickersville, and remained until the 23d.

Upon the 23d, we again took up line of march for Paris, where we arrived at 4 p. m., when we were ordered to move to Markham Station, where we arrived at 12 midnight. This was the severest march of the campaign.

Upon the 24th, we left Markham Station for Manassas Gap, where we remained until 2 p. m., when we again took up the march for White Plains, where we arrived at la. m., having marched thus far into the night.

The following morning we moved at 8 a. m., halting at 10 o’clock and resuming the march at 12 in., passing through Thoroughfare Gap, and encamping at Hay Market.

Upon the 26th, acting as guard to the train, passed through Greenwich about noon, arriving at Warrenton Junction at 5 p. m., where we found the brigade encamped. We remained here until July 30, when we moved at 6 a. m., and arrived at Kelly’s Ford at 4 p. m., and encamped upon the river bank.

August 1, we moved at 3 a. m., crossing the Rappahannock upon pontoons, and were immediately deployed as skirmishers, and thrown out 2 miles to the front, where we remained until 9 p. m. August 2, when we recrossed the river, and are now encamped 1 mile from the ford, awaiting orders.

In conclusion, allow me to say that both officers and men conducted themselves in a manner which won the cordial approval of their superior officers in every instance; and although our list of casualties is comparatively small by the side of those of other regiments, yet, in respect to a disposition to do, and the record of arduous duties well performed, I claim for my command a place second to none.

I cannot conclude this report without calling your especial attention to the conduct and good deeds of the esteemed chaplain of this regiment, Rev. M. C. Welch, who, totally regardless of self or personal safety, was invariably found in the front whenever the regiment or any portion of it occupied a position of danger or responsibility, encouraging the men by his presence, doing all in his power to relieve the wounded; once taken prisoner, but making his escape, and reporting himself immediately for the duties of his position. All this has greatly attached the regiment to Mr. Welch, and we hope for a continuance of his connection with us during our term of service.

A report of casualties has been forwarded to the adjutant-general, so that it is thought unnecessary to append it to this report.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

                                                               WARREN W. PACKER,

Colonel, Commanding Fifth Connecticut Volunteers.

His Excellency William A. Buckingham,

                          Governor of the State of Connecticut.

                                                                                                                            793

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 276.

Report of Lieut. Col. William B. Wooster, Twentieth Connecticut Infantry.

                                      Camp near Warrenton Junction, Va.,

                                                                                  July 26, 1863.

Colonel: I have the honor to submit that, under your orders, the Twentieth Regiment Connecticut Volunteers, on the morning of July 1, moved from Littlestown, Pa., to Two Taverns.

At 1 p. m. we moved forward to a point near Gettysburg, Pa., and were placed in line of battle, being supported by other forces of the First Brigade, the First Division of the Twelfth Army Corps holding the right of the battle line.

At evening we were withdrawn from our position, and with the division rested near the Gettysburg road for the night.

At daybreak on the morning of the 2d instant, we were moved to a position in line of battle on the right, holding the front line, supported by other forces of the brigade. Company B was deployed as skirmishers, and well advanced from the main line.

Between 10 and 11a. m. we were withdrawn, and with the division moved to the Gettysburg road, and thence advanced near to Cemetery Hill, and were placed in position as a support to the Second Division of the Twelfth Army Corps, thus remaining until about 4 p. m., when the attack of the enemy became so determined on our left center that we were moved to the support of our forces (the Second and Third Corps) there engaged. Here we were placed in position, but before becoming engaged the enemy were repulsed, and we endeavored to return to the position on the right that we had last occupied, but it was found that during our absence the enemy had advanced on the right, and gained the breastworks in front and the stone wall, where we had previously been placed as a reserve, and the hills and woods on each side of the wall. Owing to the darkness of the night and the strength of the enemy in position, the First Division was unable to regain its original position.

This night my regiment lay on its arms in a corn-field, near the woods in line of battle, ready to move at an instant’s notice. Company G was advanced as skirmishers to a line near the woods, and so remained during the night, at intervals engaging the enemy’s skirmishers. At daylight our artillery commenced shelling the woods, breast-works, and locality of the wall formerly held by us, then occupied by the rebels.

A little after 5 a. m. my regiment advanced under orders into the edge of the woods. From this position a heavy force of skirmishers proceeded but a few rods to the brow of the hill before they engaged the enemy. From this time for over five hours parts of my regiment were unceasingly engaged with the enemy, the advanced line being frequently relieved from my main line. The enemy were endeavoring to advance through the woods, so as to turn the right flank of the Second Division, and were met and successfully resisted by my regiment. In this position I was enabled to repeatedly communicate to the colonel commanding the brigade and the general commanding the division the movements of the enemy in our immediate front, thereby enabling our artillery to more accurately obtain the range of the enemy and to greatly increase the effectiveness of our shells. At times it became necessary to advance my left wing to successfully repulse the advancing column of the enemy, and again (Page 794) to retire my whole command to save it from being destroyed by our own artillery.

We continued thus advancing and fighting until about 10. 30 a. m., when, the rebels having been driven by our fire and shells from the stone wall and breastworks in our front, my regiment steadily advanced in line, and occupied both the wall and breastworks under a continuous fire from sharpshooters in tree-tops, whom we had been unable thus far to silence. Immediately on gaining the breastworks, my regiment was relieved by the One hundred and twenty-third Regiment New York Volunteers. We proceeded forthwith to the ammunition train, replenished, and, under orders, returned to the support of the One hundred and twenty-third Regiment New York Volunteers, then in the breastworks, where we remained under a most terrific shelling from rebel batteries until nearly 5 p. m. The regiment with the remainder of the First Brigade was then moved across the Gettysburg road to support the center in an attack then being made with great determination on the part of the enemy. Before we were placed in position the enemy were repulsed, and my regiment once more returned to our breastworks, and remained in line during the night of the 3d and all day and night of the 4th instant. On the 4th, a detail was furnished as a burial party, and also another detail to collect arms and accouterments left by the enemy on the field between the breastworks and the wall and in our immediate front.

On the 5th, the burial party still continued its services, commanded by Capt. W. W. Smith, of my regiment, until 1 p. m., when all the dead in the immediate front of the First Division were buried.

On the afternoon of the 5th instant, we moved from the battle-ground and marched to Littlestown, Pa. I lost of enlisted men 5 Killed and 23 wounded.

Our position on that day was one calculated to put to the severest test the courage of both officers and men. For nearly six hours in the morning my regiment was constantly engaged with the enemy, and did most effective service in driving them from the position they then held, thereby regaining our breastworks.

With the exception of one officer—no longer belonging to my regiment-—and some half dozen men, whom I have reason to believe became more seriously indisposed the nearer they approached danger, all in my command conducted themselves with true courage and devotion to duty; and while some of my officers, from the position in which they were placed, fought more valiantly than others, yet, where all did so well their duty, it might give rise to unjust inferences to particularize. Each officer and man then with me seemed intent only on doing his whole duty, cheerfully and promptly executing every order.

With the movements of the Twelfth Corps in its many weary marches and advances upon the enemy, the laborious construction of breastworks at Williamsport, and the unceasing vigilance necessarily imposed, from the battle-field at Gettysburg until our arrival at this camp, my regiment bore its part well, rendering no special services worthy of note here.*

I have the honor to be, your very obedient servant,

1. B. WOOSTER,

                         Lieut. Col. 20th Regt. Connecticut Vols., Comdg. Regt.

1. L. McDougall,

                    Col. 123d Regt. N. Y. Vols., Comdg. 1st Brig., 1st Div.

_____________________________________________________________________

* Nominal list of casualties, here omitted, embodied in revised statement, p. 184

_____________________________________________________________________

                                                                                                                        795

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 277.

Report of Col. Joseph M. Sudsburg, Third Maryland Infantry.

                                                            Camp near Kelly’s Ford, Va.,

                                                                                          August 14, 1863.

Sir : In compliance with, circular of August 12, 1863, I have the honor to report that my regiment was engaged, July 2, at Gettysburg on the extreme right of the line, but in the evening we were ordered to the left, where we remained about one hour, when we returned to occupy our former position, but found the enemy had taken possesion.

On Friday morning, the 3d, we were held in reserve. At noon we advanced and took our former position. At 2 p. m. we were ordered to the center, where we remained until 4 p. m., when orders were received to move again to the right, when we were drawn up in line of battle behind breastworks, and one company was thrown out as skirmishers.

Our casualties this day were 1 commissioned officer killed and 7 enlisted men wounded.

On Saturday, the 4th, a detachment was sent out in front to collect arms and accouterments and to bury the dead of the enemy.

On Sunday, the 5th, received orders to march. We went to Littles-town, Pa., where we encamped; distance, 8 miles.

On the 6th, marched about 2 miles in the direction of Taneytown, where we encamped.

On the 7th, marched at 6 a. m. and encamped near Frederick, Md.; distance, 27 miles.

On the 8th, marched to Burkittsville; distance, 17 miles.

On the 9th, marched through Crampton’s Gap and encamped near Rohrersville, Md.; distance, 10 miles.

On the 10th, marched to Bakersville; distance, 6 miles.

On the 11th, marched to Jones’ Cross-Roads; distance, 6 miles.

On the 12th, advanced 1 mile; fell back half way, and were engaged in the erection of breastworks.

On the 13th, still at work.

On the 14th, we were thrown out as skirmishers. We were in close pursuit of the enemy to Falling Waters, and succeeded in capturing 280 prisoners. We then marched to within 1 mile of Williamsport, and encamped.

On the 15th, marched 17 miles, and encamped.

On the 16th, marched to Sandy Hook, distance 7 miles, where we remained until the 19th, when we crossed the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers, and marched to Woodsborough; distance, 15 miles.

On the 20th, marched to Snickersville, distance 18 miles, where we remained until the 23d, when we marched past Chester and Ashby’s Gaps, and encamped near Linden Station; distance, 20 miles.

On the 24th, marched to White Plains; distance, 20 miles.

On the 25th, marched to Hay Market; distance, 14 miles.

On the 26th, marched to Warrenton Junction, distance 12 miles, where we remained until the 31st, when we moved to Kelly’s Ford, Va., distance 16 miles, where we are encamped at this time.

I am, sir, &c.,

1. M. SUDSBURG,

                                                                 Colonel, Commanding Regiment.

Lieut. J. H. Knipe,

         Acting Assistant Adjutant-General, First Brigade.

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

                                                                                                                                 796

No. 278.

Report of Lieut. Col. Gilbert P. Robinson, Third Maryland Infantry.

Camp near Snickersville, Va., July 21, 1863.

Sir: I have the honor to make the following report of the Third Regiment Maryland Volunteer Infantry:

On Saturday, June 13, received orders to march. Broke camp at Kane’s Landing, Va., and marched to near Hope Landing. Then countermarched to Dumfries. Arrived at said place on the 14th ultimo at 10 a. m.; distance, 30 miles.

On the 15th, marched at 3 a.m.; crossed the Occoquan River at noon, and encamped at Fairfax Court-House at 9 p. m.; distance, 25 miles.

On the 17th, marched at 3 a. m., and encamped at 1 p. m. near Spring Vale, Va.; distance, 9 miles.

On the 18th, marched at 4 a. m.; crossed Broad Run and Goose Creek, and encamped at 5 p. m. near Leesburg, Va.; distance, 16 miles.

On the 26th, marched at 8 a. m.; crossed the Potomac at Edwards Ferry on pontoons; passed through Poolesville, Md., and encamped near Monocacy River; distance, 30 miles.

On the 27th, marched at 9 a. m. in the direction of Harper’s Ferry, and encamped at Petersville, Md., at 9 p. m.; distance, 14 miles.

On the 28th, marched at 5 a. m., and encamped at Frederick City, Md., at 2 p. m.; distance, 14 miles.

On the 29th, marched at daylight, and encamped, at Ladiesburg, Md., at 9 p. m.; distance, 22 miles.

On the 30th, marched at daylight; crossed the Pennsylvania line, and encamped at Littlestown about 2 p. m.; distance, 14 miles.

July 1, marched at 5 a. m. in the direction of Gettysburg, and were detailed as guard to the division ordnance train.

On the 2d, were relieved, and joined the brigade. We were in the reserve. The balance of the corps was engaged building breastworks. There was heavy fighting all day, extending from. right to left.

In the evening were ordered to the assistance of the left wing, when the enemy fell back. We were then ordered to return to our former position, but on arriving there found the enemy there, and, after exchanging a few shots, fell back. We were then ordered to lie down for the night.

July 3, at daylight, our artillery opened fire on our lost breastworks. We were held in reserve, but under fire, all day.

At 3 p. m. we advanced and relieved the Second Division, where we kept up a continual fire with the enemy’s sharpshooters. Our loss was 1 commissioned officer killed and 5 enlisted men wounded.

On the 4th, the enemy had evacuated. We sent out a detachment to gather arms and equipments.

On the 5th, resumed the line of march; passed through Littlestown about dark, and encamped; distance marched, 8 miles.

On the 6th, marched at 4 a. m. to 5 miles south of Littlestown, and encamped.  

On the 7th, marched at daylight; passed through Taney town and Ladiesburg, and encamped 3 miles north of Frederick City, Md. ; distance marched, 27 miles.

On the 8th, marched at 5 a. m.; passed through Frederick, Mid- (Page 797) dletown, and Burkittsville, and encamped 1 mile east from Cramp-ton’s Gap.

On the 9th, marched at 7 a. m.; took the Boonsborough road, and encamped at Rohrersville; distance marched, 5 miles.

On the 10th, marched at daylight, and encamped near Fair Play; distance, 10 miles.

On the 11th, marched at 4 a. m.; passed through Fair Play; formed line of battle 3 miles from town, and marched 5 miles in the direction of Hagerstown, where we encamped.

On the 12th, advanced our line of battle 1 mile; at 5 p. m. fell back to a high ridge; formed a new line, and commenced to build breastworks.

On the 13th, we held the breastworks.

On the 14th, ordered to march. At 5 a. m. relieved by the Third Corps. Our corps advanced and formed line; our regiment was thrown out as skirmishers. We advanced 4 miles in the direction of the river. We took 6 commissioned officers and 235 enlisted men prisoners.

On the 15th, marched at daylight; passed through Fair Play and Sharpsburg, and encamped 3 miles from Harper’s Ferry; distance, 22 miles.

On the 16th, marched at 4 a. m.; crossed Maryland Heights, and encamped in Pleasant Valley, above Sandy Hook, distance, 5 miles, where we remained until the 19th instant, when we broke up camp at 6 p. m.; crossed the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers; went up Loudoun Valley, and encamped near Hillsborough; distance, 9 miles.

On the 20th, were detailed as wagon-train guard. Marched at 8 a. m., and encamped near Snicker’s Gap, where we are at present; distance, 10 miles.

                                                                    GILBERT P. ROBINSON,

                                                 Lieut. Col., Comdg. Third Regt Maryland Vols.

Capt. E. J. Rice, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General.

______

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 279.

Report of Lieut. Col. James C. Rogers, One hundred and twenty-third New York Infantry.

Pleasant Valley, Md., July 18, 1863.

Sir: In compliance with circular from brigade headquarters, dated July 18, 1863, I have the honor to submit the following report of the marches and duties performed by this regiment for the last six weeks:

At 6 a. m. June 13, the regiment left camp, near Stafford Court-House, Va., and marched to within a mile of Brooke’s Station, where a camp was laid out. Then an order came to move at 6 p. in., and before sunset we marched back toward Stafford Court-House. Continued the march all night, and arrived at Dumfries at 9 a. m.

On the 15th, left Dumfries, and, after a march of 25 miles through heat and dust, arrived at Fairfax Court-House at 9 p. m.

At 4 a. m. of Wednesday, June 17, started from camp, and, after a march of about 10 miles, encamped about 2 miles southeast of Dranesville.

The next day, June 18, marched 20 miles, and encamped at Lees- (798) burg. Here we remained for a week, the regiment in the meantime going on picket for three days.

At 4 p. m. June 26, started from camp; crossed the Potomac at Edwards Ferry; passed through Poolesville, and bivouacked near the bank of the Monocacy, after a march of about 20 miles.

The next day, 27th, crossed the Monocacy, and passed through Point of Rocks; encamped within a mile of Knoxville, Md.

June 28, moved at 6 a. m., and, passing through Jefferson, reached Frederick a little after noon. Here it was announced that General Hooker was relieved and General Meade placed in command of the Army of the Potomac.

Monday, June 29, left camp, passed through Frederick, and, marching about 18 miles, encamped near Middleburg.

June 30, passed through Middleburg and Taneytown, and halted for the night a mile outside of Littlestown, on the Hanover road. While approaching Littlestown, our cavalry was attacked and the infantry ordered to be hurried forward. We accordingly marched through the town at a double-quick, but the rebels had flown.

The next morning marched to Two Taverns, and thence toward Gettysburg, where a battle was then raging; formed line near Rock Creek. Lay on our arms that night.

Next morning we were ordered in position on the hill near Rock Creek. Afterward were moved toward the town, into the woods to the right of Cemetery Hill. Here the regiment, being in the front line of the brigade, built a strong breastwork along its front.  

About 4 p. m., in connection with the rest of the brigade, marched to the left of the line, and took position behind the Third Corps.

About dark it was ordered back to its old ground. On approaching the woods in which the works were located, Company I was sent out as skirmishers, who soon reported the rebels in the works. First Lieut. Marcus Beadle was taken prisoner at this time. The regiment was then moved a little farther back, and a number of shots were fired from the woods into its ranks, killing 1 man. It lay on its arms until morning, when a battery was planted in its rear to shell the woods in front. One man was killed and 1 wounded by the bursting of the shells of this battery in our ranks. The regiment lay in this position as a reserve until about 2 p. m., when, the enemy having been driven from the breastworks, it moved forward and occupied them.

About 4 p. m. it was ordered to march out to the left. After marching some distance, and before coming in a line, the order was countermanded, and the regiment returned to the breastworks, where it lay until morning, when, in connection with two other regiments and a battery, it made a reconnaissance to the north and east of the town as far as the railroad. Found the enemy had fallen back. Returned through the town to the works again.

I regret to state that Captain Weer, a brave and accomplished officer, was severely wounded on Friday by a rebel sharpshooter.

The casualties in the regiment were as follows:

Officers and men.

Killed. Wounded. Missing.

Total.

Officers…………………………………………………………………..2

Enlisted men……………………………………………………………..11

Total……………………………………………………………………..13

_____________________________________________________________________

*But see revised statement, p. 184.

_____________________________________________________________________

                                                                                                                             799

July 5.—Left our old position, and, marching 10 miles, encamped near Littlestown.

July 6.—Moved only 2 or 3 miles.

July 7.—Marched about 30 miles, and encamped about 4 miles north of Frederick.

July 8.—Passed through Frederick; crossed the Catoctin Range; passed through Middletown, and at night encamped near Burkittsville.

July 9.—Passed through Crampton’s Gap, and encamped near Rohrersville.

July 10.—Marched 10 miles, and encamped near Bakersville.

July 11.—Encamped just beyond Fair Play. Came up with the enemy at this place.

Next day, moved forward about a mile behind the skirmishers, but before dark moved back on to a rocky ridge behind a marsh, and commenced throwing up breastworks. Worked all night and most of next day in adding traverses, in accordance with orders from brigade headquarters.

At 5 a. m. of the 14th, moved to the front; the enemy had left; marched to within a short distance of Falling Waters; lay near there for the night.

The next morning at 4 a. m. marched back, and, passing through Fair Play, Bakersville, and Sharpsburg, halted for the night on the west side of Maryland Heights.

July 16.—Crossed the Heights, and encamped in Pleasant Valley, near Sandy Hook, our present location.

All, both officers and men, have borne the arduous duties of the campaign cheerfully and well.

To Captain Tanner, of Company C, upon whom the command has fallen whenever I have been absent or on other duty, especial credit is due for promptness and ability in performing whatever duty was assigned him.

All of which is respectfully submitted.

                                                                               JAMES C. ROGERS,

                                                                    Lieutenant-Colonel, Commanding.

Capt. E. J. Rice,

             Acting Assistant Adjutant-General.

_________

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 280.

Report of Col. E. Livingston Price, One hundred and Forty-fifth New York Infantry.

In the Field, Camp near Snickersville, Va.,

                                                                                                    July 23, 1863.

Captain: In compliance with orders, I have the honor to submit the following report of the services rendered by my command during the operations of this army, from July 1 to 15 :

On the morning of July 1, my command moved from Littlestown, Pa., and halted about 2 miles from Gettysburg, where it was drawn up in line of battle on the right of the Gettysburg pike. Heavy cannonading being heard in the direction of Gettysburg, we were ordered to advance with the brigade to within supporting distance (800) of the Eleventh Corps, but afterward, by orders received from General Williams, we retired to an open space beyond the woods, where we encamped for the night.

About 4 o’clock on the morning of the 2d instant, I received orders to be in readiness to move farther to the front, in order to take up a new line.

At 6 o’clock I accordingly moved mv command to the front by the way of the Gettysburg turnpike, and, after maneuvering a short time, I was ordered to form my regiment in the second line of battle, parallel with and behind a stone wall, some 125 feet in rear of the first line. The Third Maryland Volunteers formed on the left and the Fifth Connecticut Volunteers on the right of my command. I would state that the position occupied by my command was some 200 or 300 yards northeast of the Gettysburg pike, on the crest of a hill covered with heavy timber. The ground was of a rough and rocky nature, and affording good means of defense.

About 12 m. I received orders to detach a company of my command as skirmishers. I accordingly detailed Company K, Captain George W. Reid commanding, arid said company was afterward deployed in front of the first line along the line of Rock Creek. My command remained in the position before described until 6.30 p. m. (repairing the stone wall in the meantime, the regiments in the first line building breastworks); at which time I received orders to follow in rear of the Forty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers toward the left of the general line. My command (excepting Company K, which remained as before stated) then proceeded toward the left a distance of some 2 miles, being exposed to a fire of the enemy’s artillery, but without injury to my command. I was then ordered to form my regiment on the left of the Fifth Connecticut Volunteers, in rear of the Fifth Army Corps. Scarcely, however, had my command formed, ere I received an order to return to my former position on the right and follow in the rear of the Fifth Connecticut Volunteers. Upon approaching the former position on the right, it was ascertained that during the absence of our forces the enemy had attacked our skirmishers on Rock Creek, who, after a slight resistance, were driven back, the enemy taking possession of the breastworks built by the regiments in the first line, and the stone wall behind which my command, with other regiments of the same line, had previously formed.

I was then ordered to form my command in an open field about an eighth of a mile in rear of my former position, on the right of the Third Maryland Volunteers, and parallel to my former line behind the stone wall. About this time I received an order to detail a company of skirmishers to report to Capt. E. J. Rice, acting assistant adjutant-general, First Brigade. I accordingly detailed Company C, Capt. S. T. Allen commanding, as skirmishers.

During the formation of the line as above described, a volley was fired directly in front of my command (probably by the enemy’s skirmishers), wounding 2 of my men and causing some confusion; order was, however, quickly restored. It was now 10.30 o’clock. In this position my men rested on their arms during the night; nothing unusual occurred.

About 4 o’clock on the morning of the 3d, some twelve guns belonging to artillery, posted some 500 paces in rear of my regiment, opened upon the woods in front of my command, arid the skirmishers became briskly engaged. This state of affairs continued about (801) thirty minutes, when the artillery fire partially ceased and the infantry in front of my line became hotly engaged. Company C was engaged with the enemy, and lost 1 private killed and 2 wounded, when it was recalled, and rejoined my command. The artillery occasionally opened upon the woods in my front, the shells of which barely cleared, the men of my command, who at that time were lying down. Subsequently several of my men were wounded by the fire of our artillery, and, deeming it advisable and proper to report the facts to my commanding officer, I dispatched Sergt. Maj. M. J. Shanly to inform the colonel commanding the brigade that several of ’my men had been wounded by the fire of our own artillery.

On the delivery of this message, the said Sergeant-Major Shanly was instructed by the commanding officer of the brigade to tell Colonel Price “not to fret.” Shortly after the arrival of this message, 3 more of my command were wounded, including a commissioned officer.

In company with Colonel Selfridge, Forty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers, I proceeded to the battery which had injured my command, where I met Major-General Slocum, whom I informed of the injury done by said battery, when my command was withdrawn a short distance, and no further injury inflicted upon it. My command was afterward moved forward to occupy the position of the day before, the enemy having been driven beyond the stone wall and breastworks before alluded to. My command remained in this position, under a severe fire from the enemy’s artillery, until 4.30 o’clock, when it was moved to the support of the center, but had hardly reached there before receiving orders to return to my former position on the right. My regiment was afterward thrown forward into the first line, behind the breastworks, where it engaged the enemy’s sharpshooters until darkness put an end to further operations.

I was relieved by the One hundred and twenty-third Regiment New York Volunteers, Captain Tanner commanding, about 8 p. m., and retired to my former position behind the stone wall, where my command rested on their arms during the night.

Nothing unusual occurred during the night save the alarm in the first line which caused it to fire.

On the morning of the 4th, I was again thrown into the front line behind the breastworks, but nothing of importance occurred, the enemy having evacuated his position in our front during the night, leaving his dead upon the field; also many of his wounded. My command was again relieved about 12 o’clock, and again took up a position in the second line, behind the said stone wall; but this time my command was deprived of its former position by the posting of the One hundred and twenty-third New York Volunteers in my former position, and placing me in a small open field to the left of my original position. At this time the weather had changed, and the rain was falling in torrents, wetting my men thoroughly, and depriving them of rest and sleep during the following night.

Thus for four days and three nights were the men of my command subjected to the severest hardships, besides trials and dangers of almost every description; yet throughout all I cannot but speak in the highest terms of both the officers and men of my command. All behaved with a nobleness of spirit well worthy of record; each and every one seemed aware of the great issues involved, and the importance of the struggle in which they were engaged.

(802) On the morning of July 5, my command moved at 10.30 o’clock, marching through Littlestown, and encamping just outside that place.

On the morning of the 6th, we again started, continuing the march, passing through the towns of Frederick and Burkittsville, and on Saturday, the 11th instant, [encamped] near Fair Play, Md., about 5 miles from Williamsport, where we were employed during the three days of our stay at this place in throwing up breastworks.

On Sunday, the 14th instant, finding the enemy had fallen back, we followed with the main body of the army, halting near Williamsport.

On the following morning we took up our line of march, and halted near Harper’s Ferry, W. Va.

On the 16th, we moved again a short distance, and encamped at Pleasant Valley, Md., where my command was allowed to rest, and requisitions were made to furnish it with arms, ammunition, and clothing, for which, after such a severe campaign, my command stood greatly in need.

I cannot but mention the valuable services rendered me during the engagement at Gettysburg by Sergt. Maj. M. J. Shanly, who acted as adjutant, the adjutant of my regiment being absent during the battle.

In conclusion, I cannot omit speaking of the nobleness with which my command endured the privations, hardships, and trials of these fifteen days. It marched over 150 miles, engaged the enemy for two or three days at Gettysburg, built breastworks and abatis, was deprived continually of both rest and sleep, performed forced marches of nearly 30 miles per day through mud and rain, sometimes with inadequate rations, and many of my men without shoes or sufficient clothing. When I remember all this; when I consider the trials of these four days and nights before Gettysburg; the great fortitude and courage exhibited by the officers and men of my command; that not a man faltered; that not a single case of disobedience of orders occurred, I am constrained to believe that additional and greater honors await it on future fields of victory.

I have the honor to be, captain, very respectfully, your most obedient servant,

1. LIVINGSTON PRICE,

                                                                 Colonel 145th New York Volunteers.

Capt. E. J. Rice,

1. A. A. G. First Brig., First Div., Twelfth A. C.

__________

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 281.

Report of Col. James L. Selfridge, Forty-sixth Pennsylvania Infantry.

                                                               Camp near Sandy Hook, Md.,

                                                                                             July 18, 1863.

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of my command from the 13th ultimo to the present date :

 On the 13th ultimo, I proceeded with my command from the camp near Stafford Court-House, Va., to a point designated by you near Brooke’s Station, where, after several hours’ halt and active preparations for a permanent camp ground, I received orders to report with  (803) my command at Stafford Court-House without delay, to the commandant of the corps train, as guard to the same.

On the evening of the same date, guarding the train, my command proceeded on the march, and reached Fairfax, Va., via Dumfries and Occoquan City, on the 14th of the same month. At this point I was relieved of further charge as guard to the train, and reported to you.

After a halt until the 17th, I proceeded from this point with the brigade, under your command, to Leesburg, Va., arriving at the latter place on the 18th ultimo. Encamped at that point until the 20th, when, in accordance with your orders, I relieved the Twentieth Regiment Connecticut Volunteers, then on picket duty within 3 miles of said town, remaining there on picket duty until the 24th, when I was relieved by a regiment of your brigade, and immediately reported to you. Encamped with the brigade at the town of Leesburg until the 26th, when, under your command, commenced march, and proceeded to a point in the vicinity of Gettysburg, Pa., arriving there on the evening of the 1st instant, and encamping for the night.

On the 2d instant, marched to a position nearer the town and south of it, and to the right of the Gettysburg and Littlestown pike, and, by your orders, commenced making breastworks in great haste, which were completed in the afternoon of the same day, and I immediately guarded the same.

On the same evening, under your command, I was called from the breastworks, and proceeded with other regiments of your brigade to a point near the left of the main line. After a short halt and several hours’ absence from the breastworks, I retraced mv steps with the intention of reoccupying my late position in the breastworks.

When I approached the breastworks, found the enemy in possession of the same, and, in accordance with your orders, I took up a position in an open field on protecting ground near the breastworks, where I remained until the morning of the 3d, with the men concealed as much as possible from the bullets of the sharpshooters.

At daybreak our artillery opened fire on the enemy, and several batteries in our rear, from an eminence, were obliged to throw their shot and shell immediately over my command, and from the premature explosions of our shells, and others from bur batteries unexploded, falling in the midst of my command, I regret very much to record the following casualties.*

During the day my command was much annoyed by sharpshooters, but I suffered no loss of life or injury in my command from the same.

In the evening of the same (3d instant), I took possession of my breastworks, and guarded the same until the 5th instant, when, together with the remainder of your command, I took up line of march, via Littlestown, Pa., Frederick City, Md., Crampton’s Gap, Williamsport, Sharpsburg, and Maryland Heights, to this camp, arriving on the 16th instant.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

                                                                                    JAS. L. SELFRIDGE,

                                                                        Colonel, Commanding Regiment.

Col. A. L. McDougall,

      Comdg. First Brig., First Div., Twelfth Army Corps.

_____________________________________________________________________

* Nominal list, here omitted, embodied in revised statement, p. 184,

_____________________________________________________________________

                                                                                                                             804

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 282.

Report of Brig. Gen. Henry H. Lockwood, U. S. Army, commanding Second Brigade.

Hdqrs. Second Brig., First Div., Twelfth Corps,

                                                                                           July 16, 1863.

Captain: I have the honor to render the following report of the operations of this command during the late battle near Gettysburg: After a long and painful march from Baltimore, via Frederick-City, two regiments of this command, namely, the First Regiment Potomac Home Brigade, Maryland Volunteers, Col. William P. Maulsby, and the One hundred and fiftieth New York Volunteers, Col. J. H. Ketcham, arrived, and reported to the First Division, Twelfth Army Corps, at 8 a. m. July 2. They were posted at various places until about 5 p. m. of that day, when, having received an order to support the left wing of the army, then heavily engaged, they were marched to and deployed near a battery, then firing on the enemy. The First Regiment Potomac Home Brigade, Maryland Volunteers, Col. William P. Maulsby, formed the first line, and the One hundred and fiftieth New York Volunteers, Colonel Ketcham, the second line. Thus formed, these regiments, under my charge, advanced about 1 mile, a portion in double-quick, amid the most terrific firing of shells and musketry, to and beyond the extreme front, driving the enemy before them and entirely clearing the field. A battery which had fallen into the hands of the enemy was retaken, and on our return drawn off the field by hand by a detachment of the One hundred and fiftieth New York.

On a portion of the ground over which we drove the enemy, was found a number of dead and wounded. The latter were cared for by Dr. Willard, assistant surgeon, First Regiment Potomac Home Brigade, Maryland Volunteers, who, having with difficulty procured ambulances, removed them to the hospitals. This occupied him nearly the whole night. The command withdrew from the field by special order after full darkness set in.

I cannot too much commend the cool and steady courage of both officers and men on this trying occasion, which is the more remarkable as it was the first time they had been under fire.

I am specially indebted to Colonel Maulsby, not only for his daring and intrepidity, but for many suggestions, which were the more valuable in consequence of his knowledge of the ground upon which we were operating.

Early on the morning of the 3d, these regiments supported a battery placed to shell the woods in front of the rifle-pits on our right. At about 6 a. m. I received orders to deploy a regiment and engage the enemy within these woods. Colonel Maulsby’s regiment (First Potomac Home Brigade, Maryland Volunteers) was selected for this purpose. Under my command, the wood was entered, and the enemy engaged and driven back behind a stone wall, which was nearly parallel with the turnpike. While preparing to charge and drive him from this cover, information reached me that another regiment was taking him on his right, and that our fire would damage that movement. Having already lost in killed and wounded some 80 men, and our ammunition being short, I withdrew the regiment, and returned to the turnpike.

(p. 805) I cannot too strongly commend the courage and good conduct of every officer and man engaged in this fearful enterprise.

Soon after our return, the One hundred and fiftieth New York was detailed for duty in the rifle-pits, and successively the other regiments of the command (now increased by the arrival of the First Eastern Shore [Regiment], Maryland Volunteers, Colonel Wallace) were assigned to the same duty. Finding Brigadier-General Greene already on duty at this position, I declined taking command, though his senior, and served under him there. The detailed operations of the regiments here are made in the accompanying regimental reports. I believe that every man did his duty.

Toward the close of the day, I was ordered to cover the center, and, on my arrival near the cemetery, was directed to hold myself in readiness to re-enforce any point requiring aid. Here we remained inactive until near evening, when we were ordered to occupy the breastworks on the right, near the position we had held on the previous day.

It only remains for me to notice the conduct of the troops. Considering that these regiments, as such, had never before been under fire, I claim for them praise for the coolness and firmness exhibited by them. Beyond a too rapid fire and a too hasty and inconsiderate advance, I have nothing to find fault with.

I beg leave to notice favorably my personal staff, to whom I am indebted for very efficient service, and both of whom had their horses killed by shot and shell on the 3d.

I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

                                                 HENRY H. LOCKWOOD,

                                                                    Brigadier-General.

Capt. S. E. Pittman,

    Asst. Adjt. Gen., First Division, Twelfth Army Corps.

_________

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 283.

Reports of Col. William P. Maulsby, First Potomac Home Brigade, Maryland Infantry.

Hdqrs. First Regiment P. H. B., Maryland Vols.,

                                                                                            July 4, 1863.

Captain: I have the honor, in obedience to orders, to submit the following report:

This regiment and the One hundred and fiftieth New York Volunteers, Colonel Ketcham, part of the brigade of Brig. Gen. H. H. Lockwood, marched together from the city of Baltimore, through Frederick City, to Gettysburg, where they arrived on the morning of the 2d instant. They were immediately posted on the right, and formed in line of battle, under the orders of Major-General Slocum.

During the day they were twice advanced, but without meeting the enemy until about 5 p. m., when, under the command of Brigadier-General Lockwood, they were led up to the support of the left wing, then heavily engaged with the enemy. On their arrival on the field of battle, they were instantly deployed in line, this regiment forming the first and the One hundred and fiftieth New York the second and supporting line of battle, and ordered to advance and engage the enemy. The advance was made at double-quick for about 1 mile to (p. 806) and beyond the extreme front, driving the enemy before us and entirely clearing the field. A battery which had fallen into the hands of the enemy was retaken, and drawn off the field by hand by some of the One hundred and fiftieth New York.

This regiment was especially occupied in bringing in and caring for the wounded of our own army, all of whom, it is believed, were properly attended to.

It is due to Assistant Surgeon Willard, of this regiment, to state that he remained on the field with these unfortunates during almost the whole night, and until he had succeeded, with difficulty, in procuring ambulances and in having them removed to the hospitals.

About midnight the command returned from the field, and about 4 a. m. the 3d instant this regiment was ordered to attack a position of the enemy on the right, behind a stone wall, running through and covered by a dense woods. The attack was made with energy under a severe musketry fire, and the stone wall nearly reached, and bayonets were fixed for a charge over it, when a brigade of National troops was perceived approaching for the purpose of flanking the' enemy’s position, and this regiment was compelled to cease firing, lest it should destroy its own friends. At this moment numbers of the enemy were distinctly seen fleeing from behind the stone wall to the rear. The number of lamented dead and suffering wounded attests the severity of this engagement, and subsequent ascertainment left no room to doubt that the enemy had paid a fearful penalty.

About 9 o’clock of the same morning, this regiment was ordered to advance to and hold the front of the rifle-pits on the right, which it did until the enemy’s fire wholly ceased, about 12 m.

During this period a portion of my command occupied the rifle-pits at intervals, and other portions the plain surface at the top of the embankment, behind which the troops were sheltered, and poured upon the enemy a direct and deliberately aimed fire, pending which a white flag was raised by the enemy, and the firing, by my order, ceased. It was not again resumed on the right. At the time when this flag was raised, many other regiments were pouring upon the enemy a terrible fire, and it would be most unjust for any one to claim that the raising of the flag was due to the fire of any particular one or number of those engaged. The heaps and mounds of dead and wounded enemies which were found on the position occupied by them might well satisfy the ambition for bloody deeds of each man of every regiment engaged, however craving such ambition might be.

During the final effort of the enemy on the left on the afternoon of the 3d instant, this regiment was ordered, with the remainder of the brigade, to the support of the troops engaged, but while on the march the order was countermanded, the enemy having been fully and finally repulsed.

In the engagement at the stone wall early on the morning of the 3d, were killed First Lieut. James T. Smith, of Company 0, and First Lieut. John L. Willman, of Company D, and in that at the rifle-pits on the same day was killed First Lieut. Charles E. Eader, of Company I. Of each of these officers I can truly say, for I know, that no braver man ever took arms to vindicate his country’s honor and uphold its glory, or was animated by purer or simpler patriotism. Their faith was unmixed with complications or side issues of any kind. For their flag, the emblem of the grand constitutional Republic, they died. They lived with hearts full of love for it.

1. 807

The following is a list of casualties :

Officers and men.

Killed. Wounded. Missing.

Commissioned officers

Enlisted men  

Total*  24 72 1 97

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*But see revised statement, p. 184.

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The gallantry of our lost brethren in arms, enlisted and commissioned, has embalmed their memories in the affections of their surviving comrades, while the sufferings of the wounded elicit their profoundest sympathies.

The advances of this command on the afternoon of the 2d and the morning of the 3d were led by Brigadier-General Lockwood in person, whose unqualified exposure of his own person has impressed this command with a sense of the gallantry of their brigade commander which will ever prompt them confidently to follow where he may lead.

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

1. P. MAULSBY,

                                                                              Colonel, Commanding.

Capt. William M. Boone,

        Assistant Adjutant-General.

___

Hdqrs. First Maryland Regiment, P. H. B.,

                                              Camp near Rohrersville, Md., July—, 1863.

General: In compliance with your suggestion that I would explain to Brig. Gen. G. S. Greene the exact circumstances under which my regiment was withdrawn from the front of the rifle-pits on the night after the0 surrender of a part and the withdrawal of the rest of the rebel forces on the 3d instant, near Gettysburg, I did so to-day, and he requested that 1 would reduce it to writing, and submit it to you, with a request that you would transmit it to him.

My command, about 11 o’clock the preceding night, had returned from service on the left, and, without rations and very little rest, had been, early in the morning of the 3d, ordered into action at a position held by the rebels behind a stone wall on the right, some distance below the rifle-pits. Shortly after the termination of that action, it was ordered to the front of the rifle-pits, which position it held until after the withdrawal of the rebel forces, about three hours. Under its fire at the rebel position in rear of the rifle-pits the white flag was raised by the enemy, and firing ceased by my order, which was reported by me to you, and a gentleman was present, participating in the remarks made, whom I afterward learned to be Brigadier-General Greene.

I then requested your permission to withdraw my command for rest, as the action had terminated, and you were aware of its exhausted condition, which you gave, but remarked that it would be well to communicate with Brigadier-General Greene, who, for the first time, I was informed, was in command at that point. A young officer, representing himself to be an aide to General Greene, and (P. 808) whom I have since been unable to recognize, suggested or requested that I would withdraw my command and rest it without waiting for further orders, and that I would ask the regimental commanders on my right and left to extend their ranks so. as to fill the vacated space; which was done, and my regiment returned to the point from which you had ordered it.

In a short time afterward, Brigadier-General Williams, commanding First Division, ordered me to take my command to the position on the right, near the stream, which it had occupied the preceding day, and, in reply to my suggestion that I might wait until you and the other regiments constituting the brigade came up, General Williams said that I had better go without any delay, and that you and the two regiments would follow.

Not appreciating the importance of this communication, apart from the fact of General Greene’s request that I would make it, I have made it simply in obedience to his expressed wish. In speaking uncertainly whether it was a suggestion or a request by the aide of General Greene before mentioned, I mean to say that I did not notice the precise expressions used, but that the meaning and intent of the aide, as clearly understood by me, was to convey the authority of General Greene to me to do what was so manifestly proper and necessary to be done.

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

1. P. MAULSBY,

                                                                                    Colonel, Commanding.

Brig. Gen. H. H. Lockwood.

       Comdg. Second Brig. First Div., Twelfth Corps.

_________

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 284.

Report of Col. James Wallace, First Eastern Shore Maryland Infantry.

                                                                                   Near Gettysburg, Pa.,

                                                                                                        July 4, 1863.

General: I have the honor to report that, in obedience to your order, I put my command in motion at 6.30 a. m. on yesterday, and reached the field of battle a short time before 8 o’clock, where we were immediately formed into line of battle, and prepared to relieve another regiment then engaged in the fight.

At 8 o’clock the order was given to advance, and the regiment went forward with a shout to relieve their exhausted comrades, who had been fighting for seven hours. They had to advance up a considerable slope, and when reaching the open level space immediately in rear of the breastworks we became exposed to a terrible fire of musketry. Owing to some misunderstanding as to the point of the works designed to be supported, four companies, under Lieutenant-Colonel Comegys, passed to the left, and five, under my own immediate supervision, moved directly to the front. Upon reaching the brow of the hill, the five companies halted for an instant upon the discovery of .the enemy attempting to rush upon our works, and then delivered a very effective volley over the heads of the men occupying the position we were ordered to relieve. The officer in command of the men in the breastworks, supposing we were firing into his command, requested that the fire should cease. That volley, (P. 809) however, with the fire from the regiment in the works, effectually checked all farther advance of the enemy. The men immediately moved forward, and relieved the regiment in the advance, opened their fire, and kept it up until they had expended their ammunition, when they were in turn relieved by the One hundred and fiftieth New York Regiment. In crossing the open space between the hill and the breastworks, we lost 1 man only, though, the fire upon us was severe. As soon as we reached the breastworks, the enemy opened upon the five companies above referred to from the flank and from' a point not fully protected by our works. There we met with nearly all the casualties which we suffered during the fight; but I am happy to state that our loss has been small for the length of time we were engaged and the severity of the fire received. Five were killed, 22 wounded, and 7 missing.*

The conduct of my men was very satisfactory. All did their duty, and, considering that this was the first time they were under fire, their behavior was very steady. Where all did their duty so well it is impossible to discriminate. We remained upon the field until 8 p. m., when, in obedience to orders, we took up another position, and bivouacked for the night. Thus ended the participation of my command in the glorious achievements of yesterday.

From the prisoners taken we have been credibly informed that the enemy we fought was the First Maryland (rebel) Regiment [Battalion].

I have the honor to be, very respectfully,

                                                                                   JAS. WALLACE,

                                    Colonel First Regt. Eastern Shore Maryland Vols.

Brig. Gen. H. H. Lockwood,

Comdg. Second Brig., First Div., Twelfth Army Corps.

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*But see revised statement, p. 184.

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_______

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 285.

Reports of Col. John H. Ketcham, One hundred and fiftieth New York Infantry.

                                                              In Camp near Gettysburg, Pa.,

                                                                                                   July 4, 1863.

Captain: In compliance with orders, I have the honor to make the following report of the movements of the One hundred and fiftieth New York Volunteer Infantry during the recent battle near Gettysburg :

This regiment arrived here about 8 a. m. July 2, and was held in reserve on the right until about 6 p. m., when it was ordered with the First Maryland Potomac Home Brigade Volunteers, Colonel Maulsby, to proceed at once and re-enforce General Sedgwick on the extreme left. Upon reaching the battle-ground, these two regiments were ordered forthwith to the front in double-quick time amid the most terrific firing of shell and musketry. They continued to advance until after they had crossed the line of battle of the enemy, the rebels meanwhile retreating, when the firing ceased. The One hundred and fiftieth Regiment New York Volunteers brought off three pieces of artillery which had been abandoned to the enemy.

This regiment then, about 9 p. m., returned to the right, and re- (P. 810) mained under arms all night, in consequence of heavy skirmishing on the right.

About 4 a. m. we were ordered to support Best’s battery, on the left of the Gettysburg road, where we remained nearly two hours.

About 6 a. m. this regiment was ordered into the rifle-pits on the right, under command of General Geary, where it remained about two and a half hours, when it was relieved. In about an hour it was again ordered into action, where it remained about the same time as before.

The average number of rounds of ammunition expended by each man was 150, and from the large number of dead bodies lying upon the ground, as seen the following morning, it is evident the shots did good execution. A detail from my regiment was made to collect and bury the rebel dead.

The enemy kept up a continuous, direct, and terrible firing of musketry during the whole time engaged. My men rallied to the front in double-quick time, cheering loudly, and they fought earnestly and bravely. Not a man faltered or displayed the least cowardice. This regiment was never before under fire, and for the coolness and courage displayed on this occasion the men are entitled to the highest praise.

After this last engagement it was ordered to a position on the left as a reserve, where it remained until about 6 p. m., when it was ordered into camp.

About 7 a. m. the following morning it was ordered into rifle-pits on the right, where it remained about two hours; then relieved.

I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

1. H. KETCHAM,

            Colonel One hundred and fiftieth Regiment New York Vols.

Capt. William M. Boone,

    Asst. Adjt. Gen., General Lockwood's Brigade.

_____

                                                 Kelly’s Ford, Va., August 13, 1863.

Sir: In compliance with the terms of the circular just received by me, I have the honor to report as follows:

Enlisted men present in the engagement at Gettysburg, Pa.: July 1 (regiment did not reach Gettysburg until the morning of the 2d), —; July 2, 579; July 3, 579.

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

1. H. KETCHAM,

Colonel One hundred and fiftieth New York Volunteers.

Lieut. Robert P. Dechert, A. A. A. G., Third Brigade.

_______

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 286.

Reports of Col. Silas Colgrove, Twenty-seventh Indiana Infantry, commanding regiment and Third Brigade.

Near Kelly’s Ford, Va., August 7, 1863.

Sir : I have the honor of submitting the following report of the part taken by the Twenty-seventh Regiment Indiana Volunteers on July 1, during the first day’s fighting at the battle of Gettysburg, Pa.:

The Twenty-seventh Regiment Indiana Volunteers, with the balance (p. 811) of the troops composing the Third Brigade, marched on the morning of the 1st, from Littlestown, Pa., on the pike toward Gettysburg, by way of Two Taverns, and when within about 2 miles of Gettysburg the brigade filed to the right, leaving the pike, and proceeded about l£ miles, apparently with the intention of flanking the enemy’s left, the Twenty-seventh Indiana having the advance.

After arriving in front of the enemy’s left, the brigade was halted in a piece of woods, and, in obedience to orders from General Huger, commanding the brigade, I threw out Company G, deployed as skirmishers to the front and right, who soon reported the hill in our front to be held by the enemy’s mounted skirmishers. I immediately communicated this fact to the brigade commander, and received orders to advance my regiment and take possession of the hill occupied by the enemy, which order was immediately obeyed. I advanced my regiment in line, keeping my skirmishers well to the front. By the time the regiment had reached a ravine or small creek, thickly skirted with undergrowth, at the foot of the hill, my skirmishers had nearly reached the crest of the hill occupied by the enemy, who had retired as my skirmishers advanced.

At this point, I received orders to halt and fallback to my original position in the woods, which order was obeyed. The regiment, with the balance of the brigade, was subsequently moved back by the same route it had advanced about 1 mile, and, after throwing out a strong line of pickets, bivouacked for the night.

Early on the morning of July 2,1 was ordered to advance my regiment to the front, in the direction of the position occupied by the brigade on the evening of the 1st. I immediately deployed Company F as skirmishers, and advanced. I had not proceeded more than half a mile beyond our picket line when my skirmishers became engaged with those of the enemy. The enemy’s skirmishers occupied a piece of woods in my front, and a stone house and a large barn on my right, They also endeavored to gain a house and barn immediately on my left. This movement of theirs I anticipated, and threw apart of my skirmishers forward, and took possession of the house and barn on my left and front. The balance of my line of skirmishers occupied open ground and without protection, while the enemy’s line was entirely covered by woods and buildings. In this position sharp firing was kept up for something like an hour, at which time I received notice from General Huger that the brigade had been ordered to fall back, with orders to hold my position until further orders. Subsequently I received orders to fall back, which was done by moving my regiment in line, keeping the skirmishers deployed in the rear. I rejoined the brigade on the ground upon which we had bivouacked the night previous.

At this point I was ordered to take command of the Third Brigade in place of General Ruger, who had been placed in command of the division. The subsequent part taken by the Twenty-seventh Regiment will be reported by Lieutenant-Colonel Fesler, who commanded the regiment during the 2d, 3d, and 4th. In the skirmishing of the morning of the 2d, Company F had 1 man killed and 4 wounded.

         Respectfully, your obedient servant

1. COLGROVE,

                                                                                                                Colonel.

Lieut. Robert P. Dechert,

1. A. A. G., Third Brig., First Div., Twelfth Corps.

 812

Near Kelly’s Ford, Va., August 8, 1863.

Sir: I have the honor of submitting the following report of the part taken in the action at Gettysburg, Pa., on July 2 and 3, by the Third Brigade:

On the morning of July 2, I was informed by Lieutenant Dechert, acting assistant adjutant-general of the brigade, that the command of the division had devolved upon you, and that I was ordered to take the command of the brigade. 1 immediately took command of the brigade, and, in obedience to orders received from you, I moved it back to the Gettysburg pike, at the point where we had left the same on the day previous, leaving my line of skirmishers engaged with the enemy, and the Twenty-seventh Indiana as a rear guard. Subsequently, according to instructions, I withdrew the line of skirmishers and the Twenty-seventh Indiana.

The brigade was then, together with the balance of the division, moved to the front on the hill, forming a part of the line of battle, and then to the right into a piece of woods; and then again to the right, and formed in line on the right of the First Brigade, the One hundred and seventh New York forming the left of the line; the Thirteenth New Jersey formed in double column closed in mass in rear of the One hundred and seventh New York.  Immediately on the right of the Thirteenth New Jersey was a small meadow of very low ground, which was considered untenable, and on its right was a small piece of timber, into which I placed the balance of the brigade in the following order: Second Massachusetts, Third Wisconsin, and the Twenty-seventh Indiana on the extreme right of the line. The three last-named regiments occupied three sides of an irregular square.

I ordered the One hundred and seventh New York to construct breastworks, their line fronting southeast and forming an angle of about 45 degrees to that of the line occupied by the First Brigade, and completely enfilading the open ground or meadow not covered by our line; the Second Massachusetts fronting to the northeast at nearly the same angle, and also enfilading the open space; the Third Wisconsin fronting to the east, and the Twenty-seventh Indiana to the south. The ground occupied by the two latter regiments was protected in the front by a small creek (Rocky Run) [Rock Creek], some 60 to 80 feet in width and from 6 to 8 feet deep, rendering the position of these two regiments not assailable from the east or south. Breastworks of rails, timber, and stone were speedily thrown up, covering the whole line.

In obedience to orders received from you, I subsequently changed the disposition of the regiments. I placed the Third Wisconsin on the left, on that portion of the line occupied by the One hundred and seventh New York; the Thirteenth New Jersey in the position occupied by the Third Wisconsin, and the One hundred and seventh New York in the rear of the three right regiments as a reserve.

Shortly before sundown, I received information through one of your aides that the extreme left of our line was hard pressed, with orders to immediately proceed with the brigade to the left, to the support of that part of the line. I immediately put the brigade in motion, and proceeded, I should judge, to the left about 1 ½ miles, where the battle appeared to be raging the fiercest. By the time I had gained the point indicated, it had become quite dark. I immediately formed the brigade in line of battle, under your direction, and threw out skirmishers to the front.

(p. 813) By this time the firing had entirely ceased, and, after remaining in this position from forty minutes to one hour, I received orders to march the brigade back, and occupy the position we had left. The brigade was immediately put in motion. We arrived on the open ground within a few hundred yards of our old position about 10 p. m., as near as I can judge. The night being quite dark and our line of breastworks being covered by the timber, it was impossible to tell whether they were occupied or not.

In obedience to instructions from you, I threw forward one company of skirmishers from the Second Massachusetts. In or near the breastworks they captured one of the enemy. With this exception, we found the works on the right of our line unoccupied. We immediately took possession of them. The skirmishers were ordered to cross the open space between the right and left of our line, and reconnoiter the woods and line of works on that side. They shortly returned with 23 prisoners, and reported that the enemy held our works on the left in large force. It was also ascertained from the prisoners that [John M.] Jones’ and [George H.] Steuart’s brigades occupied our works. It was deemed unsafe to undertake to recover them at that time, owing to the darkness of the night; consequently the brigade was held in position in the works on the right during the night.

I wish to state here that great credit is due the officers and men of Company F, Second Massachusetts, as skirmishers. They advanced into the woods, where it was impossible to tell friend from foe, and before they scarcely knew it were in the midst of a brigade of the enemy, from whom they captured 23 prisoners and brought them in, with a loss of only 2 captured on their side.

Early on the morning of the 3d, before it was fairly light, the battle commenced on our left, on that portion of the line held by the Second Division, and almost simultaneously the enemy’s sharpshooters, from the breastworks and large ledges of rocks on our left, opened fire upon us.

I immediately deployed sharpshooters from the Third Wisconsin and Second Massachusetts in front of our breastworks, covered by a small belt of timber, and returned their fire briskly for about two hours. About this time the firing on our left, which had been very heavy, was fast receding, and loud cheering was heard along our lines. It was evident to me that General Geary had dislodged the enemy, and had retaken the breastworks occupied by him the day before. At this time I discovered the First Brigade, which was on my right, advance in line to the woods, forming a line at nearly right angles with my line.

At this juncture, Lieutenant Snow, of your staff, came up and said, “The general directs that you advance your line immediately.” The position of the First Brigade was such that it was impossible for me to advance more than two regiments in line. Between the enemy and our line lay the open meadow, about 100 yards in width, The enemy were entirely sheltered by the breastworks and ledges of rock. It was impossible to send forward skirmishers. The enemy’s advantages were such that a line of skirmishers would be cut down before they could fairly gain the open ground that intervened, The only possible chance I had to advance was to carry his position by storming it.

I selected the Second Massachusetts and Twenty-seventh Indiana for the work, and ordered the Second Massachusetts to charge the works in front of their position; the Twenty-seventh, as soon as they should gain the open ground, to oblique to the right and carry the (p. 814) position held in the ledges of rocks. At the command, “ Forward, double-quick! ” our breastworks were cleared, and both regiments, with deafening cheers, sprang forward. . They had scarcely gained the open ground when they were met with one of the most* terrible fires I have ever witnessed.

Up to this time the enemy had remained entirely concealed. It had been impossible to tell anything about his strength in our immediate front, but it was now clearly ascertained that he had massed a heavy force at that point. It seemed that the two regiments were devoted to destruction. Undaunted, on they charged, officers leading and cheering their men. The Second Massachusetts succeeded in clearing the open ground to the left of the breastworks. The Twenty-seventh Indiana, having obliqued to the right, had nearly double the distance to traverse to gain the position of the enemy, but on it went; at every volley of the enemy, gaps were being cut through its ranks. It became evident to me that scarcely a man could live to fain the position of the enemy. I ordered the regiment to fall back behind the breastworks, which it did. The Second Massachusetts was also overpowered by numbers, and had to fall back.

The Twenty-seventh had scarcely gained the breastworks when the rebels in turn charged, with the intention of carrying our works. As soon as they had fairly gained the open ground, I ordered fire to be opened upon them, the Third Wisconsin, Twenty-seventh Indiana, and part of the Thirteenth New Jersey firing from the breastworks; the Second Massachusetts, from the new position on the left, had an enfilading fire upon them. At the first fire they were completely checked, and at the second they broke in confusion and fled, leaving their dead and wounded upon the field. I threw forward skirmishers from the Third Wisconsin, and ascertained that they had abandoned the breastworks. Colonel Hawley was ordered to advance his regiment (Third Wisconsin) and take possession of the works, which he did, and held them during the day. During the whole day my entire line was exposed to the enemy’s sharpshooters, and quite a number in all the regiments were killed and wounded by them.

In the charge, the Second Massachusetts lost about 130 killed and wounded. Among the killed was its commander, Lieutenant-Colonel Mudge, who fell while gallantly leading his men in the charge; a most gallant and brave officer, his gallant conduct will be cherished by his brother officers and men. The Twenty-seventh lost 112 in killed and wounded. Among the latter were 8 commissioned officers. The loss of these two regiments was much the heaviest, being the only two regiments engaged in the charge. Aside from this, the losses are about equal.

I take pleasure in bearing willing testimony to the good conduct and bravery not only of the officers, but also of the soldiers, of this command during the time I had the honor of commanding the brigade. Exposed as they were to extreme peril; doomed as they were during the latter part of the day on the 3d to remain inactive under one of the most terrific artillery fires the world has ever witnessed; shell, shot, and missiles bursting over them, around them, and among them for hours, and at the same time sustaining the fire of the enemy’s sharpshooters, I scarcely witnessed a single instance upon the part of any soldier or officer of flinching from duty. The highest compliment that I can possibly pay them is to say that the reputation which they had won upon so many hard-contested fields during the war— at Winchester, Cedar Mountain, Antietam, and Chancellorsville— was fully sustained.

(p. 815) The casualties* of the different regiments of this brigade having heretofore been reported in detail, supersede the necessity of making the same in this report. For a more detailed report of the part taken by each regiment during the three days’ fighting, I respectfully refer you to the accompanying reports of the commandants of the several regiments composing this command.

       Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

1. COLGROVE,

                                                 Colonel, Commanding Brigade.

General T. H. Ruger,

Comdg. First Div., Twelfth Corps, Army of the Potomac.

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­

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* Embodied in revised statement, p. 184. The number of officers and men carried into action by this brigade was as follows: Second Massachusetts, 320; Third Wisconsin, 246; Twenty-seventh Indiana, 339; One hundred and seventh New York, 319, and Thirteenth New Jersey, 347, making a total of 1,571.

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__________

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 287.

Report of Lieut. Col. John R. Fesler, Twenty-seventh Indiana Infantry.

                                                                    Kelly’s Ford, Va., August 8, 1863.

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the Twenty-seventh Indiana Volunteers at the battle of Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 3, and 4:

When the command of the regiment was turned over to me, it was occupying a position on a hill and to the right of Gettysburg, in front of where the Third Brigade bivouacked on the night of the 1st instant, with skirmishers out in front of the regiment.

I received orders from you, through Maj. T. F. Colgrove, about 8 a. m. , to march the regiment to a position occupied by the remainder of the brigade, which I did, and by your orders took my position on the right of the brigade and in rear of a cliff of rocks, but that not giving shelter to the two left companies, I had breastworks of stone erected to shelter them from the fire of the enemy’s sharpshooters.

About 6 p. m. I received orders from you to move the regiment to the left of the line, which had been hotly engaged during the afternoon. Arrived there about dark, and, by your order, formed the regiment in line of battle on the right of the brigade, and had skirmishers deployed in front. After remaining there for about twenty minutes, was ordered by you to call my skirmishers in and move back to my former position. Just before arriving at the ground I had formerly occupied (or within 200 yards of there), I then, in accordance with your orders, sent one company forward as skirmishers, to ascertain if the position was unoccupied. The way being clear, I moved the regiment forward and occupied the ground, and remained there unmolested until between 5 and 6 o’clock on the morning of the 3d, and then received orders from you to occupy the breastworks erected by the Third Wisconsin on the night of the 2d.

On arriving there, the enemy’s sharpshooters immediately opened fire on the regiment from the breastworks built by the Third Brigade on the 2d. I was then ordered by you to charge their works. I immediately moved the regiment forward, but, on arriving within about 100 yards of their position, their fire was so deadly that I was compelled to fall back to the works I had previously occupied, which was done in good order. Remained there until about 8 a. m. on the (p. 816) morning of the 4th; kept up occasional firing on the 3d until about 4 p. m.; then, in accordance with your orders, made a reconnaissance to the right of Gettysburg. Found no enemy, and returned to position I left in the morning.

In the charge on the enemy on the 3d, loss in killed, 15; loss in wounded, including 7 commissioned officers, 83. Loss in killed in works, 3 enlisted men; loss in wounded, 10, including 1 commissioned officer. Total loss: Killed, 18; wounded, 93; total, 111.*

Respectfully, your obedient servant,

                                                                                           JOHN R. FESLER,

                                             Lieutenant-Colonel Twenty-seventh Indiana Volunteers.

Col. S. Colgrove,

        Comdg. Third Brigade, First Division, Twelfth Corps.

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*Put see revised statement, p. 184.

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__________

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 288.

Report of Lieut. Col. Charles F. Morse, Second Massachusetts Infantry.

——,— —, 1863.

Sir: I have the honor to make the following report:

The Second Massachusetts Regiment, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Mudge, rejoined the Third Brigade after the battle of Beverly Ford, at Fairfax Court-House, Va., June 16, and marched with the brigade, by the way of Leesburg, Poolesville, Knoxville, and Frederick, to Littlestown, Pa., where it arrived June 30.

July 1.—The regiment, in connection with the other troops of the Twelfth Corps, marched about 4 miles on the Gettysburg turnpike to Two Taverns. Here the sound of cannonading first reached us.

In the afternoon we were again moved forward 2 or 3 miles, and to the right of Gettysburg. Here we first took up position in a woods. Company F, First Lieutenant Carroll commanding, was sent out and deployed as skirmishers. They advanced through the woods into an open meadow, and to within about 300 yards of the crest of a hill which was occupied by the enemy’s cavalry. The line was here halted by order of the general commanding the Third Brigade, and remained in this position for about half an hour, when the brigade was moved to a new position some distance to the rear. Here the regiment was put in reserve of the first line, and formed in double column at half distance. The men lay on their arms throughout the night.

July 2.—At daylight our position was slightly changed. Company B, Lieutenant George commanding, was sent forward, and skirmished for about half an hour with the enemy.

Early in the morning the regiment, in connection with the other regiments of the brigade, moved forward on the Gettysburg turnpike about half a mile, and took up position on the right of it. The regiment was placed in reserve.

About 6 p. m. we left our position to go to the support of the left wing, which had been heavily engaged during the afternoon. We had hardly reached this place when we were ordered to return to the right. The regiment moved back by the left flank. It was ordered to occupy the breastworks on the left of the Third Wisconsin Regiment. In order to do this it was necessary to cross an interval of (p. 817) open ground about 100 yards wide, over which the breastworks did not extend. Before moving farther forward, as it was then night, a few skirmishers were thrown out. A prisoner was captured almost at once. A company (F) of skirmishers was sent out, and they took 23 prisoners, one of them a captain. The regiment now crossed the open ground behind the skirmishers, and began to occupy the breastworks. At this time I was in command of the skirmishers. I found that we were very near a force of the enemy, as talking could be plainly heard and a line indistinctly seen. Two men were sent to inquire who they were. They answered, “Twenty-third Virginia.” One of these men was taken prisoner; the other escaped. The regiment now moved back across the open ground, and formed in line at right angles with the line of breastworks. Our skirmishers afterward took 3 more prisoners. We had 3 men of Company K wounded. During the night breastworks were constructed along our new line.

At daylight, July 3, our skirmishers, Company E, Captain Robeson, became engaged. Firing was kept up until 5.30 o’clock, when the regiment was ordered to charge the woods in front of us. Colonel Mudge gave the order, “ Forward ! ” The men jumped over the breastworks with a cheer, and went forward on the double-quick. The fire while crossing the open ground was terrible, but the woods were reached and the regiment began firing, steadily advancing, and driving the enemy before it.

I now took command of the regiment, Colonel Mudge having been killed. I found on going to the right that the regiment that had advanced with us had never reached the woods, and that we had nothing on our right flank, and that the enemy were throwing a force in our rear. I ordered the regiment at once back far enough to uncover the right flank, which left the enemy in a very exposed position. They fell back rapidly, but lost heavily in so doing. I remained in my new position, inflicting a heavy loss upon the enemy, until my ammunition was nearly exhausted, when I sent to Colonel Colgrove, commanding Third Brigade, for further instructions. He ordered me to bring the regiment back to the rear of its former position. This was done, with a loss during the movement of 1 man killed and 1 officer and about 6 men wounded.

My loss in this action was 2 officers killed, 2 severely wounded, who have since died, and 6 other officers badly wounded, 21 men killed, 102 wounded, and 3 missing—probably prisoners, as they have not since been heard of. *

The regiment after this was not actually engaged, although it occupied the breastworks on the left of the First Brigade during the following afternoon and night.

The officers and men of the regiment did their duty bravely and faithfully throughout the action. There was not a single instance of cowardice or skulking, and there were a great many of individual gallantry.

The color-sergeant and 2 other color-bearers were killed while carrying the regimental flag, and 2 were severely wounded.

I am, very truly, your obedient servant,

1. F. MORSE,

Lieutenant-Colonel Second Massachusetts Regiment

Lieut. Robert P. Dechert,

Acting Assistant Adjutant-General,

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* But see revised statement, p. 184.

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Page 818

Near Kelly’s Ford., Va., August 13, 1863.

Sir: I have the honor to report, in pursuance of orders, that there were 294 enlisted men taken into action by this regiment July 3.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

1. COGSWELL,

                                                                     Colonel Second Massachusetts Infantry.

Lieut. Col. H. C. Rodgers,

     Assistant Adjutant-General, Twelfth Corps.

_________

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 289.

Report of Lieut. Col. John Grimes, Thirteenth New Jersey Infantry. ——,——, 1863.

Sir : I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by the Thirteenth New Jersey Volunteers in the battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 2, and 3 :

Having passed through and encamped near Littlestown, Pa., in the afternoon of June 30, on the morning of July 1 we countermarched, again passing through Littlestown, and took the turnpike leading to Gettysburg, Pa. After marching to within about 3 miles of Gettysburg, we took a road leading to the right, which we followed about li miles, when the rest of the brigade deployed in a piece of woods, and our regiment was held as a reserve. Remaining m this position for about an hour, our regiment countermarched about a mile, and took a position supporting Battery M, First New York Artillery, during the night.

July 2.—Moved out on the turnpike again, and in the direction of Gettysburg, to within 1 mile of that place, when we took a wood road leading to the right, on which we marched about half a mile, when we formed in double column and rested from 10 a. m. until 6 p.m., when we moved with our brigade to the extreme left, where we remained but a short time, when we were ordered to our old position, where we arrived at midnight, and, after changing position several times, we assisted in building breastworks, which formed the extreme right of our line, resting on Rock Creek, and which position flanked to some extent the enemy, who for the time occupied a portion of our works.

At 4 a. m. July 3, firing commenced by the enemy, and our regiment was immediately under arms, and was soon engaged with the enemy’s sharpshooters, and fighting the enemy as they fell back from the position they had held.

We remained thus under fire for fourteen hours, when, at 6 p. m., we moved from the position on the extreme right farther up the line to a position formerly occupied by the First Brigade, where we remained until 7.30 p. m., firing occasionally, when we moved out of the breastworks, and, with the One hundred and seventh New York Volunteers and the Fifth Connecticut Volunteers, the whole under command of Colonel Carman, moved in the direction of Littlestown. Marched 2 miles, then took a road leading to the left, and marched 2 miles to a large cavalry camp, where we bivouacked in a meadow at 11 p. m., and remained during the night.

The foregoing report is taken from the diary of Captain Beardsley, and approved by Captain Harris, said officers being with the regiment (p. 819) during the time. Colonel Carman at present being absent, sick, and as I was at that time absent from my regiment, occasioned by a wound received at Chancellorsville, from which I had not recovered, I am unable to give a more correct and minute report.*

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

                                                                          JOHN GRIMES,

                    Lieut. Col., Comdg. Thirteenth New Jersey Volunteers.

Col. S. COLGROVE,

       Comdg. Third Brig., First Div., Twelfth Corps.  

_____________________________________________________________________

*The number of enlisted men present at the battle of Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 2, and 3, was 322.

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__________

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 290.

Reports of Col. Nirom M. Crane, One hundred and seventh New York Infantry.

Headquarters 107th New York Volunteers,

                                                                                        August 6, 1863.

Sir : Pursuant to orders, I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken in the battle of Gettysburg by my regiment on July 1, 2, and 3:

On the 1st ultimo, about the hour of 4 p. m., we arrived near the field where the First and Eleventh Corps were engaged, after a severe march. The brigade took position on the extreme right of the line of battle, about 1 mile from the turnpike. In pursuance to orders from General Ruger, I formed my regiment in double column about 150 yards in rear and in support of the Twenty-seventh Indiana. 'By order, I afterward deployed. I threw out Company E, Captain Bachman, as flankers, on the right, about 150 paces, to cover the right flank of my regiment.

After advancing in the proper order about 500 or 600 yards in the woods, and no enemy being discovered (I suppose), was ordered to move to the rear, and then by the left in front about half a mile toward the turnpike, where my regiment was placed in rear, in support of Captain Best’s Fourth Regular Battery, placed on a slight eminence commanding an open field and woods in front. I then sent forward Company B, Lieutenant Swain commanding, as picket, and the regiment lay in line of battle all night.

About daybreak of the 2d ultimo, I moved with the brigade about 1 mile to the front on the pike, and took position, by your order, on the extreme right of the First Brigade, the Twenty-seventh Indiana, Second Massachusetts, and Third Wisconsin being across a small swale farther on my right, the Thirteenth New Jersey being about 75 paces to my rear and in support. Here we were ordered to build breastworks, or rifle-pits, forming a line in connection with the Second Division, Twelfth Corps.

About 7 p. m., the works being finished, I was ordered by you to move with the rest of the brigade to the pike. We moved thence and to the left and rear of the battle-field to*the support of the left wing of the army, where a desperate fight was raging. While crossing to the left, we were subjected to some danger from the shots and shells of the enemy’s artillery, but no damage was done to my regiment.

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*The number of enlisted men present at the battle of Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 2, and 3, was 322.

_____________________________________________________________________

1. 820

On our arrival on the left, I received orders to form my regiment in double column, in support of the Second Massachusetts. I only remained in this position a short time, when we were ordered back to the old position of the day; the enemy having been driven back from this point, there was no need of our assistance. I received orders from General Ruger to take position in rear and in support of the Second Massachusetts, who were to take the position I had occupied in the afternoon in the rifle-pits.

On our arrival near the wood (about 10 p. m. and quite dark), the Second Massachusetts leading, Lieutenant-Colonel Mudge sent forward a small squad of skirmishers to reconnoiter the ground, having been informed the enemy were or had been in the breastworks. Very soon after his skirmishers had advanced into the woods they captured and brought out about 20 prisoners, and reported the enemy in the woods in some considerable force.

The state of affairs was reported to you, and, after halting a few moments, I received orders to advance. The Second Massachusetts passed into the rifle-pits, and my regiment, by the flank, about 50 paces to their left and rear, into the woods. I halted when the battalion was about three-quarters its length into the bushes, and proceeded on foot forward alone to see the situation of the ground, &c. I had proceeded about 20 rods when I found myself very near a regiment of the enemy, who were in line some distance to the left, and in or near the breastworks. Not being discovered by them, I hastily retired, and meeting the acting major of the Second Massachusetts, he informed me that his regiment was retiring. I at once moved my battalion out of the woods across the swale, and reported the fact to you. I formed the regiment in double column, facing the woods, and let them lie down. Soon I received orders from General Ruger to report to him, and was ordered by him to move my command to the rear of the First Brigade, form in double column, hold that position, and await further orders.

I did so, and remained until about daybreak July 3, when I received orders to report with the regiment near the wall, where I found General Ruger, and by his orders placed my regiment in the road to the left and in front of Captain Best’s battery, Fourth U. S. Artillery. The artillery soon commenced shelling the woods, and the Second Division became engaged on our left with the enemy in the woods. The First Maryland Regiment advanced just on my left to the woods in front, and very soon became engaged. They remained perhaps twenty minutes, when they fell back in some disorder, when General Ruger ordered me forward a short distance to a crest of the ground, with orders to hold that position as long as possible. In this position, we lay down, the musket-balls occasionally passing over and around the regiment, but only one man was wounded in the leg, which I since learn had to be amputated.

While here, the regiment was in considerable danger from premature bursting of the shells from our own batteries, which were firing over us, being some distance to the right and rear.

I remained in this position until afternoon, when I received orders to advance into the wood and take position in rear and support of the Third Wisconsin, Colonel Hawley, who were occupying the breastworks I had occupied the afternoon of the 2d. I at once obeyed the order, and lay in this position some time, while the shot and shell from the enemy’s artillery were passing over and around us rather lively, but doing no damage to my command.

1. 821

About 4p. m. I was ordered to the breastworks, to relieve the Forty-sixth Pennsylvania, which I did. While taking that position, the enemy’s sharpshooters annoyed us considerably, but without injury. While in this position, I had only 1 man wounded, and he was shot in the arm.

Near 6 p. m. I received orders from you to report to Colonel Carman, Thirteenth New Jersey, for the purpose of proceeding about 3 or 4 miles to the rear with my regiment, the Thirteenth New Jersey, and Fifth Connecticut, to act as a sustaining force to General Gregg, who was hard pressed by the enemy’s cavalry.

On our arrival near the scene of action, it was about dark, and the fighting had ceased; were ordered into camp until morning, expecting to renew the attack at an early hour. In the morning it was ascertained the enemy had disappeared.

This finishes the part which my regiment took in the battle of Gettysburg, it being the first action in which the regiment had been engaged since I assumed command, June 23. I am highly pleased with the conduct of the officers and men; prompt and ready to obey orders; willing to do any duty assigned them without murmuring.

          I am, colonel, your obedient servant,

1. M. CRANE,

                                                          Colonel, Commanding.

Col. S. COLGROVE,

       Twenty-seventh Indiana Volunteers.

________

Near Kelly’s Ford, Va.,

August 13, 1863.

Sir: The following is the number of men of this regiment in line at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 2, and 3: Officers and men. July 1. July 2. July 3.

Officers 26 26 26

Enlisted men 293 293 293

Total 319 319 319

       Very respectfully, your obedient servant,  

1. M. CRANE,

                                                             Colonel, Commanding.

Lieut. Robert P. Dechert,

    Acting Assistant Adjutant-General.

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THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 291.

Report of Lieut. Col. Martin Flood, Third Wisconsin Infantry.

Camp near Fairfax Court-House, Va.,

                                                                                         June 16, 1863.

Captain : I have the honor respectfully to report that pursuant to orders from Brigadier-General Ruger, commanding brigade, I p. (822) marched with the detachment of this division from Stafford Court-House, Va., to the Spotted Tavern on the night of the 6th instant. Arrived there at 1 a. m., and reported to Brig. Gen. A. Ames.

On the 7th instant, by his order, I marched thence at 10 a. m. to Bealeton Station, arriving at 6 p; m.

Marched thence on the 8th instant to near Beverly Ford, on the Rappahannock River.

On the 9th instant, at daybreak, moved by his order across the river and down the road toward Culpeper. Approaching the front, where our cavalry was engaged with that of the enemy, I formed line of battle by his order, and threw forward a company from the Third Wisconsin Regiment and one from the Second Massachusetts as skirmishers. Soon after, by his order, I moved the Third Wisconsin Regiment farther to the right, to cover the interval between General Buford, on the right, and Colonel Devin, on our left, leaving, however, the skirmishers already thrown out and two companies of the Second Massachusetts, under command of Major Hubbard, of the Third Wisconsin Regiment, and the remainder of the Second Massachusetts, immediately under command of General Ames.

The enemy pressing heavily on the left, I was then ordered by General Ames to report to Colonel Devin, commanding cavalry on our left. I left one company of the Third Wisconsin and one from the Second Massachusetts (then with me), under command of Captain Stevenson, Third Wisconsin Volunteers, and proceeded with the remainder of the Third Wisconsin to Colonel Devin. By him I was ordered to move forward of his line of cavalry, and to drive out a force of dismounted cavalry, who were posted in the woods and pouring a deadly fire upon his line. I did so, throwing forward a heavy line of skirmishers, and, advancing cautiously, my skirmishers were soon warmly engaged, and, after a sharp skirmish of about an hour, in which 1 of my men was killed and 12 were wounded, drove the enemy from his cover, leaving a number of his dead and wounded on the field.

Meanwhile the force left under command of Captain Stevenson was sent, by order of General Ames, to General Buford, on the right. By him they were ordered to dislodge a force of dismounted cavalry of the enemy, who were advantageously posted behind a stone wall in such position that they had repulsed several charges of our cavalry. By a circuitous movement they gained the same side of the wall with the enemy, moved immediately upon them under cover of a little rise of ground, and opened a deadly enfilading fire upon them. After replying impetuously for some minutes, the rebel force, several hundred strong, fled in confusion, leaving a number of dead and wounded on the field greater than that of the force which had thus driven them. Ten prisoners were also captured. I was then ordered to advance by Colonel Devin, and during the remainder of the day supported a battery near, on our left.

At about 5 p. m. my command was assembled, and was ordered to retire. Recrossed the river at 6 p. m.; bivouacked near the ford, and on the following morning returned, by order of General Ames, to the camp near Bealeton Station.

On the morning of the 13th instant, I was ordered by General Ames to report to Brigadier-General Russell, commanding detachment which had co-operated with General Gregg’s cavalry.

On the 14th instant, marched, by his order, to near Brentsville, and encamped.

1. 823

On the 15th, marched, by his order, to Fairfax Station, and on the 16th instant marched to Fairfax Court-House, Va., reporting to Brigadier-General Ruger, commanding brigade.

I cannot speak too highly of the good conduct of the men of this detachment, both upon the march, in which there was no straggling, and in action, where there was no flinching. The officers without exception behaved nobly during the expedition.

I beg leave to make honorable mention of the name of David Agnew, private Company H, Third Wisconsin Volunteers. While skirmishing in front or Colonel Devin’s cavalry, he advanced beyond our line, saved the life of a comrade, and captured a rebel who was in the act of firing.

I deem it but just also to make honorable mention of John H. Burghardt, Second Massachusetts, who was in charge of the ordnance train of the detachment, for the prompt and faithful manner in which he performed all his duties.

I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

                                                            MARTIN FLOOD,

                                 Lieutenant-Colonel Third Wisconsin Volunteers.

Capt. S. E. Pittman,

        Asst. Adjt. Gen., First Division, Twelfth Corps.

_________

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 292.

Report of Col. William Hawley, Third Wisconsin Infantry.

Camp near Kelly’s Ford, Va., August 4, 1863.

Colonel: I have the honor, very respectfully, to forward the following report of the part taken by my command, the Third Regiment Wisconsin Volunteers, in the battle at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2 and 3:

On July 1, my command, included in the Third Brigade, First Division, Twelfth Corps, marched from Littlestown to near Gettysburg, and took supporting position on the right of and to the rear of our general line of battle.

On the morning of the 2d, by your order, sir, I took the position at daylight in line of battle which you assigned me, and threw out a company of skirmishers, who kept up a desultory fire with the skirmishers of the enemy for about two hours, when, by your command, my regiment, with the rest of your command, was withdrawn from that position and marched to the front. The brigade under your command being assigned to the right of our line, I took position, by your order, along the east bank of Rock Creek, between the Twenty-seventh Indiana and Second Massachusetts Regiments, and proceeded to throw up breastworks of earth and rails, and to throw down such stone walls and fences in my front as might afford cover to the enemy. My position thus strengthened, I rested behind my works until 6 p. m., when, by your order, I marched with the brigade to the left of our line, then the scene of action, and there took the assigned position in line of battle.

Darkness coming on, I received orders from you, sir, to move out as we had marched in, and, following the regiment on my right flank, was marched back to the position which I had spent the day in fortifying, and there rested under arms. It then being ascertained that (p. 824) the enemy had advanced over our breastworks and occupied a rocky, wooded hill on my left, thus enfilading my position and severing our line, by your order I took position perpendicular to my former line, so as to face the enemy’s advance in this position, and there lay under arms for the remainder of the night.

At daybreak on the morning of the 3d, I was aroused by a volley from the enemy. By a slight movement of my regiment forward and to the right, I placed it in position, well covered by bushes, rocks, and a hastily erected breastwork of rails, and, by your order, threw forward two companies as skirmishers, instructing them to keep well covered by the rocks and trees, which afforded them shelter from the very accurate fire of the enemy’s sharpshooters, who were posted on our right and front.

Relieving these companies from time to time, I kept up a constant fire until about 11 a. m., when, a part of the rebels on my front having surrendered, I was ordered by you, sir, to advance. I moved forward by my left flank, so as to avoid an enfilading fire, advanced into the woods, found the enemy retreating, and pushed forward and reoccupied the breastworks erected on our line the day previous.

Here I remained during the day and succeeding night, my men being engaged in a desultory fire with the enemy’s skirmishers and sharpshooters.

Owing to the advantage of position which my command was so fortunate as to occupy during the engagement, the loss sustained was comparatively slight—2 men killed and 1 commissioned officer and 8 men wounded, of which the official lists have heretofore been forwarded. The number of officers and enlisted men engaged in the battle was 21 officers and 239 enlisted men.

I have the honor, sir, to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

                                                                             WILLIAM HAWLEY,

                                           Col., Comdg. Third Regiment Wisconsin Volunteers,

Col. S. COLGROVE,

      Comdg. Third Brig., First Div., Twelfth Army Corps.

________

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 293.

Report of Brig, Gen, John W, Geary, U, S, Army, commanding Second Division,

Hdqrs. Second Division, Twelfth Army Corps,

Near Catlett’s Station, Va., July 29, 1863.

Colonel: I have the honor to submit the following report of the military operations of this division from June 28 until the 26th instant, including the engagement with the enemy near Gettysburg, Pa., on the 2d and 3d instant:

On June 28, agreeably to orders, my command broke camp at 6.30 a. m., near Knoxville, Md., which place it had reached the evening previous, and marched through Petersville and Jefferson to within a mile of Frederick, where it encamped at 2 p. m., having been impeded by the trains of various commands.

At 4 o’clock on the following morning the march was resumed, and at 6 the camp of the Eleventh Corps was reached. We were here detained four hours, until that command was on the road and (p. 825) to allow the Artillery Reserve to pass. Passing through Ceresville, Walkersville, and Woodsborough, we crossed Big Pipe Creek, and encamped at 7 p. m., having marched 21 miles.

At 5 o’clock on the morning of the 30th, the division again moved, and marched through Taneytown and Littlestown, encamping near the latter place at noon. A half hour before reaching this place our cavalry had there a skirmish with that of the rebels. The command was hastened forward and dispositions at once made to receive the enemy, who, however, retired in the direction of Hanover.

On July 1, we moved from camp at 5 a. m., and reached Two Taverns at 11 a. m., where we halted to await further orders. The distance marched from the 28th to this time was 52 miles.

At Two Taverns I received orders to forward the command in the direction of Gettysburg, on the turnpike leading from Baltimore to that place, and, accordingly, at about 2 p. m. advanced rapidly on the road to the town. I received instructions from you while on the march to leave one brigade with a section of artillery in reserve, and with the balance of my command to report to Major-General Howard, whom I should have found at a point some mile and a half east of the town, where an engagement with the right wing of the enemy’s forces was then in progress; but not finding General Howard, I reported to Major-General Hancock, commanding Second Corps, who informed me that the right could maintain itself, and the immediate need of a division on the left was imperative. By his direction, upon this threatening emergency, I took up a position on the extreme left of the line of battle, as the enemy was reported to be attempting to flank it, and cavalry were already skirmishing in front of that position.

At 5 p. m. this movement was consummated, and my line extended at that time from about half a mile west of the Baltimore turnpike to the left of the First Army Corps, to a range of hills south and west of the town, which I occupied "with two regiments of the First Brigade. These hills I regarded as of the utmost importance, since their possession by the enemy would give him an opportunity of enfilading our entire left wing and center with a fire which could not fail to dislodge us from our position. This line was held by the First and Third Brigades.

The Second Brigade, with two pieces of Battery K, Fifth U. S. Artillery, pursuant to orders from Major-General Slocum, was detached during the march to take position in reserve on the immediate left of the turnpike, about 2 miles from Gettysburg. No attack was made upon me at either point, the speedy formation of the line on the left frustrating the enemy’s design, which would, if successful, have proved disastrous to the entire position. The command rested on their arms during the night.

At 5 a. m. on the 2d, having been relieved by the Third Army Corps, in obedience to orders from Major-General Slocum, the division was placed on the right of the center of the main line of battle, east of the turnpike. General Williams’ division, commanded by Brigadier-General Ruger, joined ours, forming the extreme right, and extending toward the Bonaughtown turnpike and at right angles to it. Here I had formed a double line of battle, fronting Rock Creek, and about 400 yards from it, along a rocky, thickly wooded ridge which sloped eastwardly to the creek. The Third Brigade (Greene’s) occupied our extreme left, joining the right of the First Corps on a steep, rocky mount, which was a continuation of Cemetery Hill. Our line was nearly at a right angle with that of the First (p. 826) Corps. The Second Brigade (Kane’s) extended from the right of Greene’s brigade at an angle of about 45 degrees forward, conforming its line to the crest of the ridge. The First Brigade (Candy’s) was formed in rear of the Third in line of battalions, in double column, as a support to the other two brigades.

Breastworks were immediately thrown up along our entire line, unusual facilities being afforded by the wood and rock and nature of the soil. Skirmishers were thrown out to the creek, where they encountered the enemy’s pickets. I ordered the Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers forward as a support to the skirmishers of the Third Brigade. They deployed in a heavy line in rear of the advance skirmishers, and remained until withdrawn in the evening.

At 4 p. m. the enemy opened with a fierce attack on the left and center of the army, and subjected our men to severe artillery fire. Finding that a battery of the enemy posted on a hill across Rock Creek was enfilading the lines of the First and Eleventh Corps, I ordered a section of Knap’s (Pennsylvania) battery and one of Battery K, Fifth U. S. Artillery, to take position on the eminence at the left of Greene’s brigade and to silence the enemy’s battery. This they did after a hot artillery duel of about thirty minutes. The guns of these two sections were admirably served in the midst of a deadly fire from a battery which raked at short range the point they occupied. Occasional picket firing was kept up until 6 p. m.

By a staff officer of Major-General Slocum, at 7 p. m. I received orders to move the division by the right flank, and follow the First Division, leaving one brigade to occupy the line of works of the entire corps. The First Division had gone nearly half an hour previously. Leaving Greene’s brigade in the intrenchments, I rapidly moved the First and Second Brigades to the right, across Rock Creek, and, having reached the turnpike across Rock Creek Bridge, halted and reported my position, through an aide, to corps headquarters.

When ordered thus to leave my intrenchments, I received no specific instructions as to the object of the move, the direction to be taken, or the point to be reached, beyond the order to move by the right flank and to follow the First Division. The First Division having gone out of sight or hearing, I directed the head of my column by the course of some of the men of that division who appeared to be following it. While moving in this direction, the enemy’s artillery fire crossed our route, causing a few casualties among my troops.

At 7.30 o’clock I received an order to hold the position down to the creek at all hazards. I therefore formed my line, with my right resting on the turnpike, near the bridge, and my left on Rock Creek.

In the meantime General Greene had commenced to extend his brigade, as ordered, along the line of intrenchments, and had barely occupied General Kane’s original position when a vigorous attack was made upon his front and right by the enemy, who quickly occupied the intrenchments left by the First Division. To meet this attack on his flank, the One hundred and thirty-seventh New York Volunteers, which held the right of Greene’s brigade, changed front, forming at a right angle to the rifle-pits, thus covering the right of the entire brigade. At this time the California Regiment, Colonel Smith, of Cutler’s brigade, Wadsworth’s division, First Corps,* reported as reenforcements. General Greene placed this regiment on the right of the One hundred and thirty-seventh. It soon fell back and was with-

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* The regiment mentioned belonged to Webb’s brigade, of Gibbon’s division, Second Corps.

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 (p. 827) drawn by its colonel, who stated that lie was ordered so to do by his general. This withdrawal placed the right of Greene’s brigade in a critical position.

Greene’s brigade now behaved with the most unflinching gallantry, sustaining their desperate position during an incessant attack of two and a half hours from vastly superior numbers. During this time the noble brigade repelled four separate and furious charges on their entire line without losing a foot of ground. The heaps of rebel dead and wounded in front of their lines afterward attested their desperate determination.

As soon as the attack commenced, Generals Wadsworth and Howard were petitioned by General Greene for support, to which they promptly responded—the Sixth Wisconsin, Colonel Dawes, Fourteenth Brooklyn, Colonel Fowler, and One hundred and forty-seventh New York volunteers, Major Banta* (in all, 355 men), being sent from Wadsworth’s division, and the Eighty-second Illinois, Lieutenant-Colonel Salomon, Forty-fifth New York Volunteers, Colonel Amsberg, and the Sixty-first Ohio, Colonel McGroarty (in all, about 400 men) from the Eleventh Corps. These regiments rendered good service, relieving temporarily regiments of Greene’s brigade whose ammunition was exhausted, and by whom they were again in turn relieved.

The enemy, meeting with so determined a resistance, discontinued their attack at about 10 p. m., and remained in occupancy of the ridge formerly held by the First Division, General Greene still holding all his original position, with the One hundred and thirty-seventh New York Volunteers placed in line perpendicularly to the rest of the brigade, its left resting on the intrenchments and its right near a stone wall, which extended parallel to Generals Ruger’s and Kane’s intrenchments and about 200 yards in rear of them. This stone wall was occupied by a force of the enemy as a protection against attack from the direction of the turnpike.  

At 9 p. m. I ordered Kane’s brigade to return to its original position and Candy’s to follow it. On entering the woods, and when within 200 yards of the breastworks, Kane’s brigade was met by a sharp fire, which, in the midst of the surrounding darkness, was at first supposed to be from General Greene’s troops. Without replying, the brigade was withdrawn to the turnpike, taken in past the rear of Greene’s brigade and past Greene’s right, when it was again met with a volley, thus proving that the enemy still occupied the ground to Greene’s right; a fact of which in the dark night there remained some doubt.

It being injudicious to attack the enemy in the night in their new position, I formed the Second Brigade in double line perpendicular to the Third Brigade and joining its right, thus relieving the One hundred and thirty-seventh New York Volunteers, which had so long and so well held , that position. Between this new line of the Second Brigade and that of the enemy in their front was a shallow ravine. The whole ground was very rough and rocky, affording some shelter on both sides for infantry. I devoted the rest of the night, after consultation with Major-General Slocum and Brigadier-General Williams, to such an arrangement of my troops as, by a vigorous attack at daylight, to drive the enemy from the ground they had gained.

At 1 a. m. on the 3d, the First Brigade, which had been held in readiness on the turnpike, was placed in position on the right of Kane’s brigade, in extension of Kane’s line, its right resting on an

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* Reference is probably to Major Harney.*

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 (p. 828) orchard near the turnpike. Immediately in front of the First Brigade was a narrow lane running from the turnpike to the stone wall previously mentioned. Along this lane Candy’s brigade was placed in double line of battle, and screened from the enemy’s observation by the woods. All these dispositions were made with the utmost silence and secrecy and within a few rods of the enemy’s lines.

By your order, Lieut. E. D. Muhlenberg, chief of artillery of the corps, reported with fourteen pieces of artillery. These were posted on a hill west of the turnpike and about 500 yards in rear of the intrenchments gained by the enemy, and I trained them so as to command the enemy’s position without injury to our own troops. To Knap’s (Pennsylvania) battery, which was in position on the hill near corps headquarters, I gave similar directions regarding their line of fire. At my request, General Williams, commanding corps, readily sent to my support Lockwood’s brigade, composed of the First Eastern Shore Maryland Regiment, Colonel Wallace, and the One hundred and fiftieth New York, Colonel Ketcham. This brigade I placed in position to support the artillery.

Everything being thus in readiness, at 3.30 a. m. (early dawn) a simultaneous attack was made by artillery and the infantry of the Second and Third Brigades. This attack was most furious, but was stubbornly met. Our artillery fire continued, by previous arrangement, for ten minutes. This tremendous assault at first staggered the enemy, by whom it was seemingly unexpected; but, rallying as my troops charged at the close of the artillery fire, Johnson’s division of Ewell’s corps, followed by Rodes’, and that supported by Early’s, each division massed in three lines, advanced, charging heavily upon our front and right, and yelling in their peculiar style. They were met at every point by the unswerving lines and deadly fire of my Second and Third Brigades, our men cheering loudly and yielding not an inch of ground. Line after line of the enemy broke under this steady fire, but the pressing masses from behind rushed forward to take their places.

During this contest, Greene’s brigade was protected by his breastworks, while Kane’s fought without shelter, excepting such as might be afforded by inequalities of the ground. After a lapse of twenty minutes, I directed the artillery fire again to open, having myself sighted the pieces so as to bear directly upon the masses of the enemy in the woods. This artillery fire lasted about fifteen minutes. A part of it being directed to the valley of Rock Creek, where the enemy’s left rested, prevented them from flanking the troops of the First Division, which were engaging the enemy in front. This flank movement the enemy made repeated attempts to effect, but they were driven back by well-directed shells from our artillery. Meanwhile the musketry fire continued with unabated fierceness.

At 5 a. m. the One hundred and forty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, of Candy’s brigade, was ordered to charge and carry the stone wall occupied by the enemy. This they did in handsome style, their firing causing heavy loss to the enemy, who then abandoned the entire line of the stone wall. At this time the Fifth Ohio, on Candy’s left, was exposed to a severe enfilading fire from the enemy, but they held their position, punishing the enemy severely.

At 5.45 a. m. the Sixty-sixth Ohio was ordered to advance outside of Greene’s intrenchments and perpendicular to them, in order to harass the enemy by a raking fire. This they accomplished with great gallantry, driving the enemy and holding the ground until re- (p. 829) called by an order at 11 a. m. Although exposed without shelter to the enemy’s fire from front and flank, so eager was their attack that a few of their men advanced too far, and fell by our own artillery fire.

At 6 a. m. the Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania, and Fifth, Seventh, and Twenty-ninth Ohio, of Candy’s brigade, were ordered into the intrenchments, to relieve some of Greene’s regiments which were out of ammunition, and went in with loud cheering, keeping up the continuous fire while the relieved regiments passed to the rear between the files.

At 7.30 o’clock Lockwood’s brigade, of the First Division, 1,700 strong, reported to me as a support, and was rested in line in the woods about 25 yards in rear of Greene’s breastworks. This brigade, composed almost entirely of untried troops, was engaged for a short time as a relief to other regiments, and rendered efficient service.

About 8 a. m. the enemy redoubled their efforts, and, massing all the force against us that the ground would admit, pressed forward with an evident determination to carry the position at all hazards. Our entire line was hotly engaged, and, fearing that the overwhelming force might prove too much for us, General Slocum was solicited for re-enforcements, and General Alexander Shaler’s (First) brigade, Third Division, Sixth Corps, reported at 8.45 o’clock, and was posted as a reserve. Ten minutes before the arrival of this brigade, the Fourteenth Brooklyn and One hundred and forty-seventh New York Volunteers (both together about 150 strong) reported again from General Wadsworth’s division, and were sent into re-enforce Kane’s brigade, on the right. They were shortly afterward relieved by Candy’s and Lockwood’s troops. Instructions having been given me not to actively engage Shaler’s brigade, unless unavoidable, only a portion of it was employed briefly. Those engaged displayed the accustomed gallantry which has enrolled Shaler’s brigade among the best veterans of the army.

At 9 a. m. the One hundred and twenty-second New York (Col. Silas Titus), of this brigade, relieved the One hundred and eleventh Pennsylvania, of Kane’s, which had been engaged in the front line all the morning, and whose ammunition was failing. The Eighty-second Pennsylvania (Col. Isaac C. Bassett), Shaler’s brigade, relieved the One hundred and twenty-second New York after our occupancy of the breastworks.

At 9.20 o’clock the Twenty-third Pennsylvania (Col. John F. Glenn), of the same, was placed in support of the front line, about 150 yards to the rear, and subsequently five companies of it were deployed by my order in rear of the works, and advanced into them. Toward the close of the engagement, a portion of them was pushed out a few spaces as skirmishers, but the impracticability of feeling the enemy with skirmishers was demonstrated by their increased fire, and they were withdrawn. The Sixty-fifth (Col. Joseph E. Hamblin) and Sixty-seventh New York (Col. N. Cross) and Eighty-second Pennsylvania were placed well to the front, after the enemy had been driven back, to resist any renewed demonstration of hostility on the part of the enemy, while several already overworked regiments of my division were allowed a much needed respite for their energies, which had been so many hours stretched to their utmost tension. They were not, however, called upon for further active operations.

About 2 o’clock the brigade was ordered to rejoin its corps. While subject to my orders it behaved with admirable coolness, and manifested to an eminent degree the possession of the greatest attributes (p. 830) of the soldier, both during the brief period (as per orders) they were actively engaged and while under heavy fire as they awaited the moment they might be called upon.

Their casualties numbered in the aggregate 45, 11 enlisted men being killed.

Their brave and efficient commander, Brig. Gen. Alexander Shaler, is entitled to the warmest eulogies for his readiness to participate in any measure to provide for the emergencies besetting us.

Our troops, cheered by the arrival of supports, soon repulsed the fierce attack made upon them. The enemy wavered, but kept their ground by pushing forward fresh troops in heavy columns.

At 10.25 o’clock two brigades of Johnson’s division, having formed in column by regiments, charged upon our line on the right. They met the determined men of Kane’s little brigade, which, though only 650 strong, poured into them .so continuous a fire that when within 70 paces their columns wavered and soon broke to the rear. The First Maryland Battalion (rebel) was in the advance, and their dead lay mingled with our own. This was the last charge. As they fell back, our troops rushed forward with wild cheers of victory, driving the rebels in confusion over the intrenchments, the ground being covered with their dead and wounded. Large numbers of them crawled under our breastworks and begged to be taken as prisoners. Among these were many of the celebrated Stonewall Brigade, who, when ordered for the last time to charge upon Greene’s breastworks, advanced until met by our terrible fire, and then, throwing down their arms, rushed in with white flags, handkerchiefs, and even pieces of paper, in preference to meeting again that fire which was certain destruction. As they threw themselves forward and crouched under our line of fire, they begged our men to spare them, and they were permitted to come into our lines. The commanding officer of a regiment raised the white flag, when Major [B. W.] Leigh, assistant adjutant-general of Johnson’s division, rode forward to order it down, and fell, pierced by a dozen balls, his body remaining in our possession.

This final charge, made at 10.30 a. m., which was so eminently successful to us, resulted in the rout of the enemy, terminating the attempt to turn our position and gain the Baltimore turnpike, which Ewell, it is represented by the rebel officers taken prisoners, had sworn to accomplish or to lose every man he had. With great gallantry our troops sustained for seven hours and a half a battle fraught with persistent and obstinate effort and unremitting fire of an intensity seldom prolonged beyond a limited period, and where desperation or dash is necessary to carry a point.

To make distinctions among the regiments of my division would be unjust where all fought with such unanimity of courage and vigor. For the particular efforts of each I have the honor to refer you to the reports of the commanding officers, which I forward with this.

The regiments of the brigades relieved each other alternately during the progress of the battle, those of the First [Brigade] being originally kept in reserve as support, and for that purpose being frequently called upon, and each time rallying to the front with enthusiasm. I cannot pass a better eulogium upon the conduct of them all than to say they manifested the same unflinching gallantry which has distinguished them upon many battle-fields, and which has rightly won these veterans laurels of which they are justly proud and jealous.

I also feel called upon and proud to mention that not an instance (p. 831) of straggling from the front was witnessed from the beginning to the end of the conflict, and every man who left his post did so upon authority.

The terrific cannonading from the batteries of the rebels massed upon the left center subjected my lines from the rear from 1 p. m. to 3.15 p. m. to a galling fire, as the missiles thickly swept over and into the position occupied by us, causing a number of casualties. I disposed my men under the best cover their duties and the ground could afford.

From the moment of the retiring of the enemy in our front, active sharpshooting was kept up by them along our entire line until dark. Detachments of skirmishers were sent out, and ably managed by Lieutenant-Colonel Redington, of the Sixtieth New York Volunteers. The Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers was early pushed forward, and maintained lively skirmishing with the rebel skirmishers, causing them considerable annoyance, as they carried out their instructions to pick out their adversaries and fire deliberately.

Several night attacks were made upon our position, evidently in the vain hope of taking us by surprise.

At 9.30 p. m., when about to be relieved in the intrenchments by Greene’s brigade, Candy’s brigade was opened upon by the enemy with heavy fire, which was silenced by a timely and well-directed resistance.

At 10.30 p. m. the enemy were discovered advancing in force up the slope, but were met by a heavy fire, which they returned, but they were compelled to retire after an active fight of from twelve to fifteen minutes.

The day was a most disastrous one to Ewell’s corps, and equally, if not more so, to the whole rebel army, in consideration of the importance which the turning of our flank would be-to. them, and which alone could compensate them for the repulses they had received upon other parts of the line in their well-conceived designs upon the key-points to the position of our army. They were not only defeated, but terribly punished.

I estimate upon personal observation—in which I am supported by statements from intelligent prisoners in our hands—their killed in front of our lines at nearly or quite 1,200, of which we succeeded in burying 900, and wounded in the ratio of at least four to one killed, the greater portion of whom were carried off during the night by the enemy.

We took over 500 prisoners, independent of those who were wounded, 600 of the latter from Rodes’ division alone falling into the hands of our army. About 5,000 small-arms were left upon the field by the enemy, 2,000 of which were turned over to the division ordnance officer, and the balance secured by adjacent commands and carried away as trophies by citizens; also, three colors, viz: The brigade colors of the Stonewall Brigade, taken by the Sixtieth New York Volunteers ; a battle-flag of a Virginia regiment, taken by the same, and the battle-flag of the Fourteenth Virginia Infantry, taken by the Seventh Ohio Volunteers.

The battle-field remained in our possession, and the following day, July 4, was devoted to burying the dead of both sides and collecting the arms.

The efficiency of our intrenchments was clearly demonstrated from an early period in the action. Not only did they impede the advance of the overwhelmingly superior numbers of the enemy, but (p. 832) our men were afforded by them a shelter which rendered our casualties surprisingly incompatible with so terrible and prolonged an engagement.

On the 5th, the Seventh Ohio Volunteers were pushed forward on a reconnaissance, pursuant to instructions from corps headquarters, and advanced to Seminary Ridge and 2 miles from our position. Discovering the enemy had retired, they were ordered back, and at 1 p. m., in obedience to orders, the line of march from Gettysburg was taken up.

In closing this report, I desire to express in as public a manner as possible my sense of obligation to Generals Greene and Kane and Colonel Candy, commanding the several brigades of the division; to each of these officers the service and their country owe especial thanks for the patriotic self-sacrifice with which they devoted their entire energies to the success of the contest. Hand in hand they co-operated with me for the general good, and by their cheerful promptitude and alacrity in massing together the troops of their respective commands wherever the attack of the enemy seemed most to require a united effort to oppose him, they contributed in a marked degree to the success which ultimately crowned the engagement.

To Col. G. A. Cobham, jr., I also take pleasure in officially tendering an expression of my high appreciation of his untiring energy in commanding the Second Brigade throughout the entire campaign until General Kane assumed command on the morning of the 2d instant. Colonel Cobham, with his superior advocacy of discipline and his soldierly qualifications, has, during the several months he commanded the brigade, contributed greatly to the sustenance of its most excellent reputation as a high-toned organization.

I desire also to acknowledge the fraternal and courteous conduct of Brigadier-General Williams, commanding Twelfth Corps, in forwarding re-enforcements to my lines when heavily pressed by the furious assault of the enemy’s columns. On several occasions during the battle, perceiving the attack of the enemy to be mainly concentrated upon my command, he freely tendered the use of fresh regiments to assist me in repulsing the attack.

The conduct of the whole command, both officers and men, was such as to afford me the highest gratification. It was with feelings of pleasure and pride that I witnessed many deeds of bravery and that higher grade of true courage—self-denial under trying difficulties and hardships—throughout the entire command. Deprived of shelter and exposed to continuous rains and dampness, their only bed the hard rock of the hill they had vowed to defend; stinted for some days in their supplies, and deprived of rest day and night by the incessant attack of the fresh troops of the enemy, each man seemed to vie with his comrade in exhibiting his superior quality of bravery, which distinguishes the true soldier from the mere creature of military discipline.

It is due to the officers of my staff that mention should be made of their valuable assistance to me during the engagement as well as throughout the entire campaign. The nature of their duties since the commencement of our operations had required of them the most unceasing vigilance and activity, and it gives me pleasure to testify to their unflagging zeal and devotion throughout the engagements of the 1st, 2d, and 3d instant. From the peculiar nature of their duties, their untiring diligence and activity subjected them to severe drafts upon their physical endurance and to exposure to danger, and I (p. 833) am happy to bear my testimony to the fact that I found them always not only ready and willing, but most desirous, to contribute all their energies to the success of the contest.

Those serving throughout the movements were : Capt. Thomas H. Elliott, assistant adjutant-general; Capt. Reuben H. Wilbur, aide-de-camp; Lieut. Llewellyn R. Davis, aide-de-camp; Capt. Henry H. Wilson, aide-de-camp; Capt. William T. Forbes, acting assistant inspector-general; Capt. Moses Veale, assistant commissary of musters.

I also beg to mention the eminent degree of energy and efficiency manifested in their respective departments during the campaign by Surg. John E. Herbst, surgeon-in-chief; Capt. Gilbert M. Elliott, ordnance officer; Capt. G. L. Parker, assistant quartermaster, and Capt. James Gillette, commissary of subsistence. The duties of Surgeon Herbst and Capt. G. M. Elliott upon the field at Gettysburg called them frequently under my observation, and I feel gratified in commending them as accomplishing their responsible tasks in a masterly and energetic manner.

The following is a list of the regiments, with their commanding officers, engaged in the battle of Gettysburg:

First Brigade, Col. Charles Candy.—Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, Capt. John Flynn; One hundred and forty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, Lieut. Col. Ario Pardee, jr.; Fifth Ohio Volunteers, Col. John H. Patrick; Seventh Ohio Volunteers, Col. William R. Creighton; Twenty-ninth Ohio Volunteers, Capt. Wilbur F., Stevens; Sixty-sixth Ohio Volunteers, Lieut. Col. Eugene Powell.

Second Brigade, Brig. Gen. Thomas L. Kane.—Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, Col. William Rickards, jr.; One hundred and ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, Capt. Frederick L. Gimber; One hundred and eleventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, Col. G. A. Cob-ham, jr.

Third Brigade, Brig. Gen. George S. Greene.—Sixtieth New York Volunteers, Col. Abel Godard; Seventy-eighth New York Volunteers, Lieut. Col. H. von Hammerstein; One hundred and Second New York Volunteers, Col. James C. Lane; One hundred and thirty-seventh New York Volunteers, Col. David Ireland; One hundred and forty-ninth New York Volunteers, Col. H. A. Barnum.

The following is a statement of the number of officers and men taken into the engagement:

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Organizations.

                             Officers.  Enlisted men.  Total.

First Brigade.           98,            1,700,        1,798 

Second Brigade        48                652           700

Third Brigade           74             1,350         1,424

Total                        220            3,702         3,922

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The entire numbers of casualties in the division during the operations in front of Gettysburg are herewith appended.*

The command expended in the fight on July 3, and in subsequent skirmishing, 277,000 rounds of ammunition.

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* Embodied in revised statement, p. 185.

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(p. 834) At 1 o’clock on the afternoon of the 5th, pursuant to orders from corps headquarters, my command left its position near Gettysburg, marched to Littlestown, and encamped at 5.30 p. m. We remained at this place until 4 o’clock on the morning of the 7th, when the line of march was resumed, and, passing through Taneytown, Middle-burg, and Woodsborough, accomplishing a march of 29 miles, we encamped near Walkersville at 5.45 p. m.

On the 8th, we started at 5 a. m., and, marching through Frederick and over the Catoctin Range, halted for the night a half mile beyond Jefferson.

At 5 a. m. on the following day, left camp, and proceeded through Crampton’s Pass and Burkittsville to Rohrersville, where we encamped at 11 a. m.

At 5 a. m. on the 10th, left Rohrersville, passed through Keedysville, and reached Bakersville at 11 a. m. Cavalry pickets of the enemy retired upon our advance. We here formed in line of battle, with the First Division on the left and Second Corps on the right. Some light breastworks were thrown up and heavy pickets advanced.

We bivouacked for the night in that position, and on the morning of the 11th advanced to Fair Play, formed line of battle, pursuant to orders from corps headquarters, and advanced skirmishers. Cavalry pickets of the enemy could be seen in our front. We remained in line all night.

Early on July 12, advanced line of pickets to a more elevated ridge, resulting in some slight skirmishing, the rebel skirmishers falling back.

During the night changed our position to the right, withdrawing our left to a ridge, forming a perfect line, joining the left of the First Division.

On the 13th, we covered our entire front with extensive breastworks, with numerous traverses, and with flanks well protected. Picket firing at intervals all day.

At 5 p. m. our pickets were ordered to advance until they met those of the enemy. They encountered them under cover of belts of woods about a quarter of a mile in our front, and lively skirmishing ensued, with, however, no casualties on our side. At dusk the original picket line was resumed.

On the 14th, remained in intrenchments under arms, to support the First Division, which advanced to the front. Discovering from this movement that no opposition was immediately in front of us, I ordered our skirmishers (the Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania and Seventh Ohio Regiments) to reconnoiter toward Downsville. They discovered the enemy’s works at that place deserted, and returned with several prisoners.

On the 15th, pursuant to orders, the division marched at 6 a. m., and encamped within 4 miles of Harper’s Ferry at 4 p. m., and, resuming the march early on the following morning, encamped in Pleasant Valley shortly after 7 a. m.

The command had marched since leaving Gettysburg up to this point 101 miles, during which time they suffered much from the excessive heat of the weather.

Remaining on the 17th and 18th in camp at Pleasant Valley, enabled the troops to receive much-needed supplies of clothing and to recruit their energies.

On the 19th, at 5 a. m., marched through Harper’s Ferry, crossing (p. 835) the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers on pontoon bridges, and passed up Piney Run Valley to near Hillsborough.

 On the 20th, started at 6 a. m., and marched through Woodgrove to Snickersville, where we remained during the 21st and 22d, in conjunction with the First Division, to guard against any attempt of the enemy to force Snicker’s Gap.

On the 23d, marched at 5 a. m. to Paris. The Second Brigade (Colonel Cobham) was ordered into Ashby’s Gap, to guard it, relieving a brigade of the Second Corps.

At 4 p. m. the entire command was ordered to resume the march, and, taking the mountain road, passed through Scuffletown to near Markham Station, where we encountered the trains of the Second Corps. The day’s march was 23 miles.

At 3 a. m. on the 24th, marched through Markham to Linden, which was reached at 8 a. m. Had marched 30 miles in the preceding twenty-seven hours. The command remained under arms until noon, when the march was resumed. We repassed Markham, and encamped at Piedmont, after a day’s march of 22 miles.

On the 25th, marched at 4 a. m. through Rectortown and White Plains to Thoroughfare Gap, 16 miles. The roads were found in very bad condition and the weather was oppressively warm.

On the 26th, marched at daylight by way of Greenwich and Catlett’s Station to near War rent on Junction, 22 miles, and encamped, We remained at this point until the 31st, refitting the command.

Since leaving Pleasant Valley we marched 103 miles, making a total of 204 miles from Gettysburg.

I have the honor, to be, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

                                                                             JNO. W. GEARY,

                                                Brig. Gen. U. S. Volunteers, Comdg. Division.

Lieut. Col. H. C. Rodgers,

          Assistant Adjutant-General, Twelfth Army Corps.

_________

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 294.

Reports of Col. Charles Candy, Sixty-sixth Ohio Infantry, commanding First Brigade.

Hdqrs. First Brig., Second Div., Twelfth Corps,

                                                       Camp at Littlestown, Pa., July 6, 1863.

Captain: In compliance to circular dated headquarters Second Division, Twelfth Army Corps, near Littlestown, Pa., July 6, 1863, calling for an official report of the part taken by the several brigades of the division in the recent operations, I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the First Brigade :

June 28.—Left camp near Knoxville, Md., at 5 a. m.; marched to near Frederick City, Md., distance 14 miles, and arrived in camp about 3 p. m. Sunday.

June 29.— Left camp at 4.30 a. m.; marched to near Bruceville, Md., distance 22 miles, and arrived in camp at 7 p. m. same day.

June 30.—Left camp at 6.30 a. m.; marched to near Littlestown, Pa. On the arrival of this division (Second) at Littlestown, this brigade was ordered to take a position in the woods on the right of the (p. 836) town (Littlestown), in the direction of Hanover, and on the right of the road, and hold it at all hazards. The cavalry skirmishing with the enemy in the front, I immediately moved with the brigade to the point designated, formed in column by two battalion front, threw forward skirmishers, and picketed to my front and right. Remained over night.

On the morning of July 1, received orders to join the division, and proceeded with the other brigades in the direction of Two Taverns. Arrived at the Two Taverns; remained there for an hour or two, and marched in the direction of Gettysburg, Pa. Arrived in the vicinity of the latter place, and ordered to form line in the rear of the Third Brigade, and then double column on the center. Moved to the front and left of the hills surrounding Gettysburg, and halted for the night, the command bivouacking. Near about dark was ordered to throw forward two regiments to the left, and occupy a high range of hills overlooking the surrounding country, and watch for any attempted advance of the enemy on the left of the army. This order was executed, and the Fifth Ohio and One hundred and forty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers occupied the above position during the night of July 1.

On the morning of the 2d, the brigade was ordered to the front and to take position with the rest of the Second Division on the left of the First Division, Twelfth Corps, and right of the First Corps. The brigade took position on the right of the Third Brigade, Second Division, Twelfth Army Corps. After taking position, it was ordered to form line in rear of the Third Brigade, and double column on the center. A regiment of this brigade, the Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, was ordered to the front as a support to the skirmishers of the Third Brigade, under the command of Lieut. Col. O. J. Crane, Seventh Ohio Volunteers, he having been assigned to this duty.

The brigade remained in this position until about 7 p. m. the 2d instant, when the brigade was ordered to the right, for the purpose of supporting a corps, supposed to be General Hancock’s. Arrived on the east bank of Rock Creek, and halted, with instructions to picket well the banks (east) of the creek and hold the position. Remained in position until about 12 p. m.; ordered up to the former position on the right of the First Corps, and for the purpose of supporting the Third Brigade, Second Division, Twelfth Army Corps, which had been engaged, and to retake the intrenchments lately occupied by the First Division, Twelfth Army Corps, but then occupied by the enemy., Received instructions from General Geary, commanding Second Division, to form a line in rear of the right of the Third Brigade, and a line also perpendicular to the pike leading to Gettysburg and to the enemy in the First Division intrenchments. This was promptly executed.

Remained in the latter position until 3.45 a. m. [July 3], when the enemy were opened upon by a battery placed for the purpose of shelling them.

After several rounds, the One hundred and forty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers were ordered forward, and occupied a stone fence in front of the enemy, and by their fire caused considerable casualties and havoc among them (the enemy). The remainder of the brigade, consisting of the Fifth, Seventh, and Sixty-sixth Ohio and Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, was posted in rear of the Third Brigade for its support. The Fifth Ohio Volunteers, being (p. 837) on the extreme right of my line, were exposed to a harassing and heavy enfilading fire from the enemy. They returned it promptly, and held their position for seven hours, causing great execution and punishing the enemy severely. The remainder of the regiments were engaged in relieving the regiments of the Second and Third Brigades in the trenches. The Sixty-sixth Ohio Volunteers were ordered to advance outside of the intrenchments and perpendicular to them, and harass the enemy by an enfilading fire in front of the intrenchments. This order was promptly and gallantly executed. This regiment was considerably annoyed by the enemy’s sharpshooters, but they held their ground until recalled about 11 a. m., causing considerable execution among the enemy. The officers and men of the regiments composing this brigade sustained their usual gallantry and bravery in front of the enemy. Subjected to repeated charges on their works, they held their ground under a galling fire for over seven hours, cheerfully obeying every order with promptness and punctuality.

About 9.30 p. m., when about to be relieved by the Third Brigade, the enemy opened a heavy fire, which was silenced in a few moments. The remainder of the night passed off quietly, excepting occasional shots from sharpshooters.

On the morning of the 4th, at daybreak, it was found that the enemy had left our front, leaving their dead and quite a number of their wounded in our possession, also in the neighborhood of 1,500 stand of arms, mostly Enfield rifles. The Seventh Ohio Volunteers captured a State flag of Virginia belonging to the Fourteenth Regiment from that State, which was duly forwarded to your headquarters, as per existing orders.

During the day of the 4th, our men were engaged in burying our own dead, [the number of which, I am happy to say, is small, considering the number left by the enemy. Owing to the scarcity of tools, few of the enemy’s dead were buried until the morning of the 5th, when the pioneer corps of this brigade, assisted by a detail of over 100 men, buried quite a number. Marching orders for this point having been received July 5, the details were compelled to leave quite a number unburied.

Accompanying this report you will receive detailed reports from regimental commanders.

I cannot close this report without mentioning the members of my staff for their gallantry and bravery in conveying messages and orders to the trenches under the heavy fire to which the troops were exposed, viz, First Lieut. A. H. W. Creigh, One hundred and forty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, acting assistant adjutant-general; Capt. W. M. Gwynne, Sixty-sixth Ohio Volunteers, acting assistant inspector-general; Lieut. C. W. Kellogg, Twenty-ninth Ohio Volunteers, and Lieut. J. W. Hitt, Sixty-sixth Ohio Volunteers, aides-de-camp.

I have the honor to be, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

                                                                                     CHAS. CANDY,

Colonel Sixty-sixth Ohio Volunteers, Comdg. Brigade.

Capt. Thomas H. Elliott,

         Asst. Adjt. Gen., Second Div., Twelfth Army Corps.

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

                                                                                 —————, 1863.

(p. 838) Sir : In compliance with circular from headquarters Army of the Potomac, dated August 12, 1863, I have the honor to continue the above report of the part taken by the brigade in the recent operations, to include July 26, the date of its arrival at Warrenton Junction, Va.

The above includes all operations to July 5.

July 5.—About 1 p. m. received marching orders. Left Gettysburg, and marched to Littlestown, Pa., distance 10 miles, and arrived in camp about 6 p. m. Sunday.

July 6.—Remained in camp at Littlestown, Pa.

July 7.—Left camp at 4.30 a. m. and marched to Walkersville, Md., distance 27 miles, and arrived in camp about 7 p. m. Tuesday.

July 8.—Left camp at 5 a. m. and marched to Frederick City. Arrived at 10 a. m.; halted for three hours, and moved on to Jefferson, Md.; distance that day, 17 miles. Arrived in camp at 5.30 p. m.

July 9.—Left camp at 5 a. m. and marched to near Rohrersville, Md.; distance, 7 miles. Arrived in camp about 11 a. m.

July 10.—Left camp at 4.30 a. m. and marched to Bakersville, Md.; distance, 7 miles. Arrived in camp at 11 a. m, and took up position in line.

July 11.—Left camp at 7 a. m. and marched to Fair Play, Md., distance 5 miles, and took position. By direction of General Geary, commanding division, threw forward the One hundred and forty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, supported by the Twenty-ninth Ohio, to skirmish and picket the rising ground beyond Marsh Creek; succeeded in establishing a line of pickets, which was done without any molestation of note. Everything quiet during the night in front of the pickets above mentioned.

July 12.—Brigade moved forward and occupied the woods on the west side of Marsh Creek; remained over night.

July 13.—Moved position about three-fourths of a mile northeast, and took up position on the left of the First Division, Twelfth Corps, and threw up breastworks.

July 14.—Remained in camp.

July 15.—Left position, and took up line of march; marched to west side of Maryland Heights, and encamped. Marched 12 miles, and arrived in camp about 4 p. m.

July 16.—Left camp at 5 a. m. and marched to Sandy Hook, Md.; distance, 5 miles. Arrived in camp about 9 a. m.

July 17 and 18.—At Sandy Hook. July 19.—Left camp at 5 a. m. and marched to Hillsborough, Va., crossing the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers at Harper’s Ferry. Arrived in camp about 4 p. m.; distance, 13 miles.

July 20.—Left camp at 6 a. m. and marched to Snickersville, Va. Arrived at 6 p. m.; distance, 13 miles.

July 21 and 22.—At Snickersville.

July 23.—Left camp at 5 a. m. and marched to Paris; halted for two hours; continued march to near Markham, and arrived at 8.30 p. m.; distance from Snickersville, 23 miles.

July 24.—Left camp at 4 a. m. and marched to Linden (summit of Manassas Gap); halted for three hours, and returned to near Piedmont. Arrived about 8 p. m.; distance 1 Smiles.

July 25.—Left camp at 4 a. m. and marched to hear Thoroughfare Gap. Arrived at 5 p. m.; distance, 14 miles.

(p. 839) July 26.—Left camp at 5 a. m. and marched to near Warrenton Junction. Arrived about 9 p. m.; distance, 23 miles.

I have the honor to be, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

                                                                                  CHAS. CANDY,

Colonel Sixty-sixth Ohio Volunteers, Comdg. Brigade.

     Capt. Thomas H. Elliott,

            Asst. Adjt. Gen., Second Div., Twelfth Army Corps.

__________

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 295.

Report of Col. John H. Patrick, Fifth Ohio Infantry.

                                                                Gettysburg Battle-field,

                                                                                        July 4, 1863.

Lieutenant: In pursuance to orders from brigade headquarters, I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by the Fifth Ohio Volunteers in the action near Gettysburg:

We commenced operations by an order to proceed to the extreme left of our line, and occupied a hill covered with trees. The One hundred and forty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers was also placed under my command, to extend and increase the front of our position. We deployed as skirmishers in our front across an open valley to .a light strip of woods, and in front of that timber facing an open field, for the purpose of guarding against a flank movement of the enemy.

We remained there until the following morning, when we received orders at 5 o’clock to return to the brigade. We advanced to the right of our line; halted, formed double column closed en masse, stacked arms, and remained until evening, when we were ordered to a position on our right flank, for the purpose of holding the enemy in check, for they had advanced on our right. We remained there about two hours, when we were ordered to return and take position.

The men rested on their arms until daylight, when we were replaced, by an order from Col. Charles Candy, commanding brigade, farther forward, in order that we might have a better view of the enemy and be well protected from his fire. The first firing commenced about 3.50 a. m., and continued until 11 a. m. without intermission.

As the fight progressed and the forces took position, it became obvious to me that a line of skirmishers should be thrown forward on our flank and behind a stone wall, which would enable us to give the enemy a cross-fire. I immediately ordered Company F, of our regiment, in command of Lieutenant Brinkman (a brave and gallant officer, who fell during the action), to advance with his company as skirmishers, having the stone wall for a protection. I instructed him to fret the enemy as much as possible, for the purpose of drawing him from his intrenchments.

The result was most satisfactory, the skirmishers annoying the enemy so much that they were compelled to make a charge on our skirmishers, and either capture or drive them, neither of which was accomplished. As soon as they were fully uncovered, they received volley after volley, until they were, forced to retire. The same effort was made a second time, and with the same result.

To the above strategy I attribute a large share of our success, for (p. 840) the rebels were driven back with terrific slaughter after the second repulse, and retreated from the breastworks. Very soon after this last repulse, we occupied the intrenchments. During the rest of that day and the night following, they annoyed us considerably with their sharpshooters. Some of them had air-rifles, and we could not discover their whereabouts. At night the flashes of the regular rifles can be seen, but there i£ no warning from the air-rifle. The enemy retreated from our front some time in the forepart of the night.

Respectfully submitted.

1. H. PATRICK,

                                                                                      Colonel Fifth Ohio.

   Lieut. A. H. W. Creigh,

1. A. A. G., First Brig., Second Div., Twelfth Corps.

_________

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 296.

Report of Col. William R. Creighton, Seventh Ohio Infantry.

Hdqrs. Seventh Regt. Ohio Volunteer Infantry,

                                                                                                    July 6, 1863.

Sir : I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the Seventh Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry in the engagement of July 2 and 3, near Gettysburg, Pa.:

On Thursday morning, July 2, we were encamped on the left side of the Gettysburg and Littlestown pike. At 6 a. m. we received marching orders, and at 6.30 moved out in line, changing our position to the right of the turnpike, forming our line of battle in the woods bordering on the hill at the right of the road. In obedience to your order, I sent forward Company H, under command of Capt. Samuel McLelland, to picket our front. They were posted along the stream which runs through the hollow at our left, and remained there until 6 p. m., when they rejoined my regiment. At this time the “fallin” was sounded, and my regiment, in company with the remainder of the brigade, moved by the right flank to the right and rear of the position which we had held during the former part of the day.

I formed my regiment in the open field in the rear of a stone wall at the left of and near the turnpike. At this place I allowed my men to sleep, having their arms and accouterments in perfect readiness to fall in at any moment. My regiment had not during any part of the day been exposed to the fire of musketry, but for some time in the afternoon we were exposed to quite a heavy fire of artillery, although not suffering any serious loss from it.

At 11.30 p. m. July 2,1 was ordered to form my command. It was then moved under your directions out on to the pike, and advancing toward Gettysburg, but turned from the pike to our right at the same place which we had in the morning when first advancing. My line was formed in the hollow, at the right and rear of General Greene’s brigade. At this place we received a volley of musketry from the enemy’s guns, wounding 1 man from Company I. In a few moments we were ordered to move by the right flank back to the open field, forming our line in the rear of a stone wall which runs parallel with the road leading to the pike. In a few moments, by order of General Geary, I moved my command over the wall into the road, throwing out to the front 20 men, under charge of Sergeant [Isaac] Stratton, (p. 841) to act as skirmishers. At this place Sergeant Stratton received a severe if not a mortal wound.

Soon after daylight on the morning of the 3d, in compliance with your order, I drew in my skirmishers, and in a few moments moved my regiment by the left flank back near the position which we had occupied the morning previous. When in the edge of the woods, I formed my command in line of battle, and, in compliance with orders, I advanced forward double-quick, and relieved the Sixtieth New York Volunteers.

My regiment remained at the intrenchments until near 8 o’clock, when it was relieved by the Sixtieth New York Volunteers. When relieved, 1 formed my regiment in the hollow at the rear of the breastworks, remaining until 9.30 a. m., when I was again ordered forward to relieve a regiment. I was not again relieved until 9.30 p. m., having been under fire of musketry most of the day. When relieved, I again formed my line in the hollow, and remained there until 1.30 a. m. on the morning of July 4, when my command was again ordered forward to the intrenchments, which position I held until the brigade moved out on the pike, preparatory to our return to Littlestown.

About 11 a. m. July 3, I observed a white flag thrown out from the rocks in front of our intrenchments. I immediately ordered my men to cease firing, when 78 of the enemy advanced and surrendered, including 3 captains, 2 first lieutenants, and 2 second lieutenants. At the time the white flag was raised, a mounted rebel officer (Major Leigh, assistant adjutant-general to General Ewell [Edward Johnson]), was seen to come forward and endeavor to stop the surrender, when he was fired upon by my men and instantly killed.

Early in the morning of July 4, Corpl. John Pollock, Company H, of my regiment, advanced over the intrenchments, and captured the rebel flag belonging to the Fourteenth Virginia Regiment, which, in compliance with orders received, was delivered to your headquarters.

I went into action with 265 enlisted men and came, out with 247, losing 1 killed and 17 wounded,

In conclusion, I feel it my duty to mention the officers and men under my command, but when each and every one advanced forward to the contest without any exception whatever, I will merely say that every officer and man performed his duty manfully, every order being obeyed promptly.

         Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

1. R. CREIGHTON,

                                                             Colonel Seventh Ohio.

      Lieut. A. H. W. Creigh,

1. A. A. G., First Brig., Second Div., Twelfth Corps.

________

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 297.

Report of Capt. Wilbur F. Stevens, Twenty-ninth Ohio Infantry.

In the Rifle-pits, near Gettysburg, Pa.,

                                                                                         July 4, 1863.

Sir : In compliance with circular from headquarters First Brigade, Second Division, Twelfth Corps, I have the honor to forward the (p. 842) following report of the part taken by this regiment (Twenty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry) in the action of July 2 and 3, near Gettysburg, Pa.:

 On the morning of the 2d, at 5.30 a. m., we were ordered from our camp, in the wheat-field on the left of the road approaching Gettysburg, to the road, down which we moved with balance of the brigade to rear of the front of our line; from there we moved to the right of our line.

Shortly after, about 8 a. m., we moved to the left in the hollow in rear of the intrenchments occupied by our troops, where we formed in close column of divisions, doubled on the center, as a support to those of our forces in the intrenchments to our front, and remained there during the day until about 7.30 p. m., when we moved with the rest of our brigade to the right and rear to near the road leading to the pike. We then formed line of battle, and threw out pickets to our front, remaining there until about 2 o’clock on the morning of July 3, when we with our brigade were ordered back to our position in rear of the intrenchments on the right of our line, as a support to General Greene’s brigade (Third Brigade, Second Division Twelfth Corps), then in the intrenchments.

The firing commenced about 3.45 o’clock on the morning of the 3d instant. We remained as a support to the troops in our front until about 5.45 o’clock, and about fifteen minutes before receiving the order to move forward to the intrenchments, I was struck in the neck with a spent ball, causing very severe pain and giddiness, from which cause I turned the command of the Regiment over to Capt. E. Hayes, of this regiment, having received permission of Col. Charles Candy, commanding brigade, to go to the rear. I returned to the regiment (it being then in the intrenchments) about 12 m. of the 3d instant, but not feeling able to resume command, Captain Hayes kept command until about 4.30 p. m. of the same day. Captain Hayes* report while he was in command is herewith inclosed.

I resumed command at 4.30 p. m. There was no heavy firing during the balance of the afternoon or evening until just as we were being relieved, when the enemy opened a heavy fire on our right* and moved forward with the intention of storming our position. My command immediately resumed their places in the intrenchments with the One hundred and thirty-seventh Regiment New York Volunteers, who had come forward to relieve us (time, 10 p. m.). We remained until the enemy were forced back, when I brought my command back to the rear in the hollow for rest and rations, as the men had had nothing to eat since the morning of July 2.

We remained here until 1 a. m. on the morning of July 4, when we were again ordered forward to relieve the One hundred and thirty-seventh New York Volunteers, then in the intrenchments where we remained until the morning of July 5.

I would refer you to Captain Hayes’ report for instances of bravery and good conduct, as he had command during the hardest of the action.

Both officers and men did their duty well.

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

WILBUR F. STEVENS,

Capt., Comdg. Twenty-ninth Regt. Ohio Vol. Infantry.

Lieut. A. H. W. Creigh, A. A. A. G.,

First Brig., Second Div., Twelfth Corps.

________

                                      THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.              (p. 843)

No. 298.

Report of Capt. Edward Hayes, Twenty-ninth Ohio Infantry.

In the Rifle-pits, near Gettysburg, Pa.,

                                                                                           July 4, 1863.

Sir: I have the honor to report the part taken by the Twenty-ninth Ohio Infantry during the brief space of time it was under my command in the action at Gettysburg, on July 3.

Captain Stevens turned over the command to me at 5.30 a. m. Shortly after this time I received from Colonel Candy, through Captain Gwynne, an order to move the regiment forward to the rifle-pits and relieve the One hundred and thirty-seventh New York Volunteers, Col. D. Ireland, then engaged.

As I did not know the exact position our regiment was to occupy, I did not feel justified in taking the regiment into action without first looking at the ground. I therefore crossed the ridge in front of our position, saw Colonel Ireland, and found and ascertained the position we were to occupy. Returned to my command, and, having briefly explained the work expected of us, gave the necessary orders.

The regiment moved over the ridge at a run without firing a shot until fairly in the trenches, when it opened a heavy fire upon the enemy, under cover of which Colonel Ireland was able to withdraw his regiment with but small loss. Shortly after entering the rifle-pits, Lieut. George Hayward received a ball in the neck, killing him instantly. The regiment entered the pits at 5.45 a. m., and was under a heavy fire for two hours and ten minutes, being relieved by the Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, under command of Capt. John Flynn, who came forward in their usual gallant style. Under cover of their fire, I withdrew my command, and, assisted by Adjt. James B. Storer, formed again in the hollow in rear of our line of battle. This interval of rest was employed by the men in cleaning arms, &c.

At about 9.30 a. m. I received from Col. Charles Candy an order to get into line, ready, if necessary, to repel the enemy, who were pressing the troops near the meadow on the right of our position. They were, however, repelled at this point without our assistance. Shortly after this time, Captain Horton, adjutant-general of the Third Brigade, came to me with a request that I would take my regiment forward and relieve the troops in the pits in front of us, as they were being hard pressed and were getting short of ammunition. Ordinarily I should not have felt justified in moving without an order from the commander of our own brigade, but the men in front were falling back by twos and threes, and there did not seem to be any time to lose. Besides, I had been informed by Lieutenant Hitt, of Colonel Candy’s staff, that we would soon be ordered forward. The regiment responded to the order in the most splendid manner, cheering as they charged; but, rapid as was the movement, it was not effected without severe loss. Lieut. John G. Marsh fell, mortally wounded, and just two-thirds of the loss sustained by the regiment in the whole action occurred while crossing the ridge at this time.

The regiment went into action the second time at 9.55 a. m. The firing was heavy on both sides until about 11 a. m., when the enemy withdrew from our front, some 5 of their men showing a flag of truce and coming in as prisoners.

Excepting an occasional shot from the enemy’s sharpshooters, there (p. 844) was very little fighting from this time until l p.m., when the enemy again showed themselves in some force, and the fight was pretty general until nearly 3 p. m., when it again slackened. At 4.30 p. m. I turned the command over to Captain Stevens.

You request me to mention any instance of bravery and good conduct that came under my notice. It is hardly possible to do so where all were alike brave. I was frequently along the line during the action, and I know that every man did his duty. Every order was promptly obeyed, and I cannot close my report without mentioning Captains Schoonover, Wright, Baldwin, and Lieutenants Hulbert, Dice, Wilson, Woodbury, Storer, Russell, Grant, Crane, Fulkerson, and Nash. They all did well, and obeyed every order promptly that was given. Lieut. and Adjt. James B. Storer rendered me important assistance in maneuvering the regiment.

In Lieutenants Hayward and Marsh the regiment loses two valuable officers. Prompt, cool, brave, and efficient, their loss will long be regretted by the officers and men with whom they were associated. For an account of the other casualties in the regiment, I respectfully refer you to the accompanying official list.*

    I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

                                                            EDWARD HAYES,

   Captain, Comdg. Twenty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry.

Lieut. A. H. W. Creigh,

1. A. A. G., First Brig., Second. Div., Twelfth Corps.

_____________________________________________________________________

* Embodied in revised statement, p. 185.

_____________________________________________________________________

________

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 299.

Report of Lieut. Col. Eugene Powell, Sixty-sixth Ohio Infantry.

Battle-field, Gettysburg, Pa., July 4, 1863.

Sir: In compliance with circular dated headquarters First Brigade, Second Division, Twelfth Army Corps, of this date, I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the Sixty-sixth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry in the engagement on the 3d instant:

Early on the morning of July 3, under orders from Col. Charles Candy, commanding First Brigade, Second Division, Twelfth Army Corps, I crossed with my regiment to the intrenchments in front of the First Corps, for the purpose of giving the enemy an enfilading fire. With my left resting on the intrenchments and the right down the hill, we poured in a murderous fire on the enemy’s flank. After a short time I found that the enemy had posted sharpshooters at the foot of the hill, behind a fence, who were annoying us very much. I ordered my regiment to take up a sheltered position behind trees and stones, and direct their fire on the sharpshooters, whom we soon dislodged. I then received orders to recross the intrenchments and relieve the One hundred and fiftieth New York Regiment, where we remained until relieved at 9 p. m.

The officers and men all behaved well while under fire, and sustained the reputation won on former fields.

It also becomes my painful duty of reporting to you that Maj. J. G. Palmer fell, mortally wounded, while cheering on the men in our advance across the intrenchments.  

(p. 845) The regiment lost 3 commissioned officers wounded, 14 enlisted men wounded, and 1 killed.

I have the honor to be, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

1. POWELL,

Lieut. Col. Sixty-sixth Regt. Ohio Vols., Comdg. Regt.

Lieut. A. H. W. Creigh,

1. A. A. G., First Brig., Second Div., Twelfth Corps.

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 300.

Report of Capt. John Flynn, Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania Infantry.

                                                Gettysburg, Pa., July 4, 1863.

Lieutenant: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the Twenty-eighth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers in the action of July 2 and 3, near Gettysburg, Pa.:

Agreeably to orders received from brigade headquarters, on the morning of the 2d, the regiment was thrown to the front along the stream near the right of the line of battle, and remained in that position during the day, supporting the line of skirmishers of General Greene’s brigade. Some skirmishing with the enemy, in which 3 men were lost to the command.

Retired at dark with the brigade, and formed line about 1 mile in the rear.

Remained in that position until 12.30 a. m. July 3, when the regiment moved forward to retake the position left the morning before. Took position in the breastworks, relieving the Twenty-ninth Ohio Volunteers. Were under heavy fire while there, and lost during the engagement 3 killed and 22 wounded and missing.

Were relieved, and rested in rear of the brigade until nearly 4 p. m., when we were again ordered into the breastworks, and remained there until 10 p. m.

Again relieved, and again ordered at 2 a. m. to relieve the Sixtieth and Seventy-eighth New York Volunteers, still remaining there.

I take pleasure in stating that officers and men, without exceptions, exhibited the greatest coolness and bravery, and I would consider it injustice to the command did I attempt to single out individual cases of bravery, as all performed well their part.

I remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

                                                                          JOHN FLYNN,

Capt., Comdg. Twenty-eighth Regt. Pennsylvania Vols.

Lieut. A. H. W. Creigh,

1. A. A. G., First Brig., Second Div., Twelfth Corps.

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 301.

Report of Lieut. Col. Ario Pardee, jr., One hundred and forty-seventh Pennsylvania Infantry.

Near Gettysburg, Pa., July 4, 1863.

Sir: In compliance with circular of this day, I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by the One hundred (p.846) and Forty-seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers in the actions of July 2 and 3:

My regiment was relieved from picket duty early on the morning of the 2d, and marched with the brigade to the position on the right of the line occupied by the First Army Corps. In this position we remained until evening, when we marched with" the brigade to a position near and east of the turnpike leading from Gettysburg to Baltimore.

On the morning of the 3d, we marched to a point near the line of the previous day and toward the right of the line of the brigade, having on our right the Seventh Regiment Ohio Volunteers and on our left the Fifth Regiment Ohio Volunteers. Soon after the line was formed, I was ordered by General Geary, commanding division, to move forward with my regiment to a point which commanded the right of the line of intrenchments, and from which a view could be had of the movements of the enemy. My regiment, soon after reaching its assigned position, became engaged with the skirmishers of the enemy, who were soon driven from their position. Skirmishers were sent to the front and right flank, into the woods, from which they greatly harassed the enemy.

At about 8 a. m. an attempt was made by the enemy to turn the right of the line of the intrenchments. They boldly advanced to within about 100 yards without discovering my regiment. I then ordered the regiment to fire, and broke their line. They reformed again as a body and advanced. Their advance was checked by the heavy fire they received, when they broke and ran. I would have charged them, but had no support, and would not have been able to have held their position against the column in their rear.

I have the honor to report that I held the position assigned me until late in the afternoon, when I was ordered to report to General Wadsworth, of the First Corps.

My loss has been, I am happy to say, slight, when my exposed position is taken into consideration. The casualties are, 1 commissioned officer (Lieut. William H. Tourison, Company E) killed, 4 enlisted men killed, and 16 wounded. A list of the casualties has already been furnished you.

I am, sir, very respectfully,

                                                                             ARIO PARDEE, Jr.,

                                    Lieut. Col. 147th Regt. Pennsylvania Vols., Comdg.

  Lieut. A. H. W. Creigh, Actg. Asst. Adjt. Gen.

________

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 302.

Report of Brig. Gen. Thomas L. Kane, U.S. Army, commanding Second Brigade.

Hdqrs. Second Brig., Second Div., Twelfth Corps,

Near Littlestown, Pa., July 6, 1863.

Captain: I respectfully inclose two of the special reports ordered of the commanders of regiments of my brigade. The report of the One hundred and eleventh Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers has not yet been received.

I assumed command at 6 a. m. on the morning of the 2d instant, communication with the army having been cut off so completely by (p. 847) Stuart’s cavalry that I succeeded with great difficulty in making my way through their lines in citizen’s dress.

I have to express my thanks to Colonel Cobham, One hundred and eleventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, who commanded the brigade in my absence, for the high state of efficiency in which I found it. I have recommended this most deserving officer for promotion.

The brigade was ordered forward into line with the rest of the division' soon after my arrival, and before sundown threw up a substantial breastwork, as directed, upon the excellent position assigned them.

At twilight we were removed to the batteries on the turnpike, and shortly after ordered to return to our former position. On entering the wood, within 200 paces of our breastwork, we were met by a sharp fire, which we supposed to come from the First Brigade, misled by the darkness. The men were, therefore, ordered not to reply, but withdrawn to the turnpike and marched in by another road. We moved directly to the position of the Third Brigade (where the noble veteran Greene, by his resistance against overwhelming odds, it should be remembered, saved the army), and, making our way past Greene’s right, were again fired upon, thus discovering that the enemy had entire possession of our works. Their front was then opposite Greene’s right flank, he holding them there. There was nothing to be done but to connect with Greene, fold down to the right along the best ground offering, and strengthen the right flank as much as possible.

The attack in force upon us commenced at 3.30 a. m., July 3. The Confederate Major-General Johnson’s division led, followed by Bodes’. The statement by our prisoners is that they advanced in three lines, but they appeared to us only as closed in mass. We ceased firing occasionally for a minute or two, to induce the enemy to come out of advantageous positions, when they paid for their temerity; but with this exception kept up a fire of unintermitting strength for seven hours, until about 10.30 o’clock, when the enemy made their last determined effort by charging in column of regiments. Their advance was Steuart’s brigade, of Johnson’s division. The First Maryland Battalion (Confederate States) left most of their dead in line with our own. It cannot be denied that they behaved courageously. Our own loss was but 23 killed and 73 wounded. Twenty men have been missing since we were fired on in the woods on Thursday night.

After this repulse the enemy fell back, and, although they kept up a desultory fire for some time after, it was plain, as the result proved, that the battle was over.

By the accompanying report of Lieut. W. H. White,* Company G, Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, you will see that the number of Enfield rifles left by the enemy, on an area of about two acres in front of our second position, was 1,803. The reports of burying parties will probably show that not less than 500 men were left dead there. The whole number of men of my brigade who were in this action was 652. They justified their reputation as marksmen.

I have not the name of a single straggler or recreant reported to me. Every officer and man of my command did his duty, and I must on this account refuse myself the privilege of naming particularly any of the numerous examples of heroism which I witnessed.

(p. 848) I should acknowledge the valuable services of Lieuts. Thomas J. Leiper and J. Spencer Smith, of my staff. In the absence of Capt. J. P. Green, assistant adjutant-general, Lieutenant Leiper served as acting assistant adjutant-general with unvarying ability.

The few of our killed were unhappily among our best men. Second Lieut. Edward J. Harvey, Company K, Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, was a man of fine mind and elevated character; Lieutenant McKeever, Company A, Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, an ardent patriot and faithful officer; Sergeant-Major [Charles H.] Letford, Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, a youth of the fairest promise; Color-Sergt. John E. Greenwood, One hundred and ninth, Sergts. E. F. Allen, One hundred and eleventh, and Anthony E. Thomas, Edward N. Sommerkamp, and Jacob Lower, Twenty-ninth; Corporal [William] Louder, Twenty-ninth, and Privates [John] Sheemer, [Orlando S.] Campbell, [Charles] Miller, [John M.] Richardson, One hundred and eleventh; [Casper H.] Warner, [Thomas] Acton, [Robert] Hews, [Robert] Lockhart, [John] Applegate, [John] Watson, [Emanuel] McLaughlin, [James] Morrow, Twenty-ninth, and [Thomas C.] Ochs and [De Lany S.] Veale, One hundred and ninth, were all patriotic and brave men, whose loss is seriously to be deplored. Young Veale, often noticed for his singularly handsome and bright countenance, was adjutant’s clerk of his regiment, but insisted on going into action with his rifle.  

      Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

                                                                 THOMAS L. KANE,

                                                 Brigadier-General U. S. Volunteers.

Capt. Thomas H. Elliott,

             Assistant Adjutant-General.

_____________________________________________________________________

* Omitted.

­­­­_____________________________________________________________________

______

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 303.

Report of Col. George A. Cobham, jr., One hundred and eleventh Pennsylvania Infantry, commanding Second Brigade.

Hdqrs. Second Brig., Second Div., Twelfth Corps,

                                                             Near Ellis’ Ford, Fa., August 15, 1863.

Captain: In compliance with circular order from headquarters Army of the Potomac, August 12, 1863, I have the honor to submit the following report of the movements of this brigade from June 28 to July 26:

At 4 o’clock on the morning of June 29, the brigade broke camp about 1 mile from Frederick City, Md., marching through Frederick, Walkersville, Woodsborough, Pipeville, and Bruceville, and encamped for the night, having marched 20 miles.

On the 30th, marched to Littlestown, Pa., 15 miles.

July 1, marched by the Baltimore turnpike to Two Taverns, and from there to within about 2 miles from Gettysburg, when the brigade was placed in position, by direction of Brigadier-General Geary, commanding division, on the crest of a hill overlooking part of the battle-field, and in support of a battery stationed on the hill. Here the troops lay on their arms during the night.

About 6 o’clock on the morning of July 2, Brigadier-General Kane arrived on the field in an ambulance of the Second Army Corps, and assumed command of the brigade. I then took command of my own regiment, the One hundred and eleventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, (p. 849) but in a few minutes General Kane sent me an order by one of his aides (Lieutenant Leiper) to resume the command of the brigade. I reported to the general, when he repeated the order to me. I accordingly turned over the command of my regiment to Lieutenant-Colonel Walker, and resumed the command, General Kane being too much prostrated to continue it. However, he gallantly remained on the field, although too feeble to resume the arduous duties of his post.

Orders were then received to move forward into line with the rest of the division. An excellent position was chosen, for us by General Geary, connecting on the left with the Third Brigade, on a heavy wooded hill, where we threw up a breastwork of logs, stone, and earth, running at right angles to those of the Third Brigade. The position was a strong one, and admirably located to command the approaches by Rock Creek. Here we remained till evening, when we were ordered to the support of the Third Corps; but before marching a mile this order was countermanded, and I was directed to return to our former position. On*the head of the column entering the woods, they were fired upon from behind a stone wall in the rear of our breastworks, which the enemy had taken possession of during our absence. Not being certain whether the fire came from the enemy or our own division (it being dark), I Withdrew the brigade to the pike, and marched farther up the road, and, entering the woods in the rear of the Third Brigade, took a position in line nearly at a right angle with our breastworks, sheltered in a great part of the line by a ledge of rocks, and connecting on the left with the Third Brigade, thus partially enfilading the enemy’s position. The One hundred and forty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, of the First Brigade, which arrived soon after, took position on our right, which position they resolutely held during the heavy attack next morning.

At 3 o’clock next morning, July 3, the enemy’s skirmishers commenced firing on us, and by 4 o’clock the firing had become general along the whole line on both sides. The regiments of the brigade relieved one another, one at a time, long enough to replenish their supply of ammunition and wipe out their rifles. The firing was kept up briskly on both sides with but little intermission till about 10 a. m., when a desperate charge was made on our lines. The enemy advanced in column closed in mass, determined to make one last desperate effort to drive us back at the point of the bayonet. They were, however, driven back with heavy loss, and retired in confusion, retiring beyond the line of breastworks. The brigade was now relieved for a short time by a brigade of the Sixth Army Corps.

About 2 p. m. the brigade again took possession of the breastworks, relieving the other brigade (Shaler’s). Occasional firing was kept up during the night, and by daylight the enemy withdrew from the front of our lines.

The Twenty-ninth, One hundred and ninth, and One hundred and eleventh Regiments Pennsylvania Volunteers are deserving of much praise for their courage and good conduct during the severe fire to which they were exposed. Colonel Rickards, Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, Lieutenant-Colonel Walker, One hundred and eleventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, and Captain Gimber, One hundred and ninth, who commanded the regiment, also deserve special mention for their gallant conduct on this occasion.

Our loss was 23 killed, 66 wounded, and 9 missing.

(p. 850) On the 4th, the brigade remained on the battle-field; burial parties were sent out with every available pick and shovel to bury the dead. Our own, as well as a large number of the enemy, were buried, but a very large number of the rebel dead were left unburied on the field.

On the 5th, left the battle-field, and marched to Littlestown, 10 miles.

July 7.—Left camp, and, marching through Bruceville, Pipeville, Woodsborough, and Walkersville, encamped for the night; distance, 26 miles.

July 8.—Started at 4.30 a. m.; marched through Frederick and Jefferson; distance, 18 miles.

July 9.—Broke camp at 5 a. m.; marched to Burkittsville; crossed the Blue Ridge at Crampton’s Gap; encamped at Rohrersville; distance, 9 miles.

July 10.—Started at 5 a. m.; marched through Keedysville, and took up position in line on the right of the First Brigade, near the edge of a piece of woods.

July 11.—Advanced about Si miles; took position on the left of the line of battle; threw out skirmishers in front and on the left flank.

July 12.—Changed position about 1 mile to the right.

July 13.—About 1 a. m. again changed position half a mile to the right, on a rise of ground near Saint James’ College and Marsh Run. Here an excellent and substantial breastwork of rails and earth was constructed under the personal direction and supervision of the general commanding the division.

July 14.—The brigade remained in the intrenchments ready to support the troops that advanced on the enemy’s position at 5 a. m. of this day.

July 15.—Left intrenchments about 7 a. m.; marched through Sharpsburg and past Antietam Iron Works, and encamped near the foot of Maryland Heights, having marched 17 miles.

July 16.—Left camp at 5 a. m. and marched by way of Harper’s Ferry to Pleasant Valley, where we encamped, and remained until the 19th, to obtain necessary clothing and equipage for the troops; distance, 9 miles.

July 19.—Broke camp at 4 a. m.; crossed the Potomac and Shenandoah at Harper’s Ferry, and marched up Loudoun Valley to near Hillsborough, Va.; distance, 15 miles.

July 20.—Left at 4.30 a. m.; marched through Woodgrove, and Slabtown, and encamped near Snicker’s Gap, remaining until the 23d; distance, about 10 miles.

July 23.—Broke camp at 5 a. m., marching through Snickersville to Upperville and Paris, relieving a brigade of the Second Army Corps stationed in Ashby’s Gap; left at 3.30 p. m., and, marching through Milltown and Forestville, encamped for the night near Manassas Gap; distance marched, 23 miles.

July 24.—Marched through Manassas Gap to near Front Royal, and returned and encamped for the night near Piedmont; distance, 18 miles.  

July 25.—Left camp at 5.30 a. m. and marched through White Plains to near Thoroughfare Gap, and encamped for the night; distance, 16 miles.

July 26.—Marched at 5 a. m. through Thoroughfare Gap, Hay (p.851) Market, Greenwich, and Catlett’s Station, and encamped near Warrenton Junction; distance, 22 miles. The distance marched from June 28 to July 26 was 250.5 miles.

       Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

                                                                 GEO. A. COBHAM, Jr.,

                                                 Colonel, Commanding Second Brigade.

    Capt. Thomas H. Elliott,

1. A. G., Second Division, Twelfth Army Corps.

______

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 304.

Report of Col. William Rickards, jr., Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania Infantry.

On the Field, near Gettysburg, Pa.,

                                                                                         July 4, 1863.

General: For the information of the general commanding, I respectfully submit the following report of the part taken by my regiment in the action of July 1, 2, and 3 :

On the afternoon of July 1, we arrived within 3 miles of Gettysburg, having left Littlestown at 7 a. m. Formed line of battle on the left of the pike and lay on our arms all night.

On the 2d, at 9 a. m., moved to a hill about three-quarters of a mile in advance, and from thence we advanced and crossed the pike, and took position in the woods at the head of a ravine, which spreads into a wide plateau on Rock Creek. We commenced to fortify our position, and had nearly finished, when we were, at 7 p. m., ordered by General Geary to leave our breastworks and move rapidly to the rear, with, as I suppose, the intention of re-enforcing some point on the left of our lines. Having forded the creek and moved about 1.5 miles to the rear on the pike, we were halted, and ordered to return to our former position.

We moved back on the pike, turned to the right, the Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers in advance, and as we were about to enter the woods in which our breastworks were, it being dark, we were fired on by a heavy force from behind a stone wall, at a distance of 25 paces, killing Lieutenant Harvey, Company K, and 3 men, and wounding 10 men.

Believing we had been fired on by the men of the Third Brigade in mistake, I gave the order for my men not to fire, and, gathering up our dead and wounded, about-faced the regiment, and marched back about 100 yards; halted the regiment, and then rode back to the wall, and called to those behind it, telling them who I was, and was answered by a heavy discharge of musketry. I returned to my regiment, and found an order directing me to march my regiment to the pike, where I found the other two regiments of the brigade. The brigade then moved to the left of our old position, and entered the woods in rear of General Greene’s brigade, and moved near our position, when we learned to a certainty that the firing on us came from the enemy.

Being ordered by General Kane to send out a company of skirmishers, I sent Company B, Captain Johnson, to ascertain the position of the enemy. The captain and 5 men were captured, having, (p.852) as I learned from those who returned, passed through the enemy’s-lines and been surrounded. The enemy then fired on us from the breastworks on our right, having taken possession of them in our absence. We then formed line of battle at right angles with our breastworks, and lay on our arms all night, with occasional firing' from the enemy, wounding 1 man of Company K.

At 3 a. m. of the 3d, having observed objects moving in front, Colonel Cobham, Lieutenant-Colonel Zulick, and I met in rear of the center of the brigade to consult, when they opened fire on us, extending entirely across our front, showing them to be in strong force. The fire was returned with spirit by our brigade, and the enemy soon ceased firing, having retreated a short distance behind the crest of the hill. We were then ordered to move back about 50 paces, behind a ledge of rocks.

At 3.30 a. m. the enemy again opened on us from behind trees and rocks and the breastworks on our front, and the fight became general. My regiment, having fired their 60 rounds of ammunition, was relieved by the One hundred and eleventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, and moved to the field to replenish. After an absence of forty-five minutes, I returned, relieved the One hundred and eleventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, and continued the fight.

About 10.30 a. m. the enemy advanced to charge us, Steuart’s brigade leading. Our men stood to their ground well, firing with great rapidity and execution. When within 70 paces, their column began to waver, and soon after broke and ran from reach of our fire, leaving a large number of their dead and wounded on the field. The fight was, however, still continued from behind the rocks and trees by the enemy, and our last supply of ammunition having been expended, we were relieved by the First Maryland, Colonel Maulsby, at 11 a. m.

The fight had been kept up for seven and three-quarter hours without cessation, during which time the Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers was absent forty-five minutes to replenish their ammunition.

My men and officers behaved with great spirit and bravery.

The loss of the Twenty-ninth is, as far as known, 70, viz: Captain Johnson, Company B, and 10 men, prisoners; Lieutenant Harvey, Company K, and Lieutenant McKeever, Company A; Sergt. Maj. Charles H. Letford (son of the adjutant), 3 sergeants, 1 corporal, and 8 privates killed, and 45 enlisted men wounded. *  

We returned to our breastworks at 3 o’clock in the afternoon, and occupied our old position, with considerable annoyance from the sharpshooters.

At 9.30 p. m. the enemy advanced on our lines in force, but they were received with such a heavy fire from our lines that they soon retired.

At daybreak on the 4th, a company of the Twenty-ninth was sent out as skirmishers, who soon ascertained that the enemy had left this side of Rock Creek.

By order of General Kane, I sent a company to assist in carrying off the arms left on the field by the enemy.

I heartily commend the officers and men of my command for their steadiness and bravery. I sincerely deplore the loss of many brave officers and men of my command.

 (p. 853) The reports of the company officers will be sent in as soon as received.

        I am, sir, with great respect, your very obedient servant,

1. RICKARDS, Jr.,

                     Colonel, Comdg. Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania Vols.

       Brig. Gen. Thomas L. Kane,

                    Comdg. Second Brig., Second Div., Twelfth Army Corps. _____________________________________________________________________

* But see revised statement, p. 184.

_____________________________________________________________________

_______

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 305.

Report of Capt. Frederick L. Gimber, One hundred and ninth Pennsylvania Infantry.

                                                                      Near Gettysburg, Pa.,

                                                                                     July 4, 1863.

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report in reference to the part taken by my regiment during the late engagement near Gettysburg, Pa., on July 2 and 3 instant:

On the morning of the 2d, the regiment assisted in erecting breastworks in the woods 1 mile from Gettysburg, Pa., and took position behind them, remaining there until evening, then changing our position with the brigade to a field along the Gettysburg pike half a mile distant, being subjected to an artillery fire from the enemy. Arriving here, we were immediately ordered back to our breastworks, and, upon entering the woods, were suddenly fired upon, causing some surprise and temporary confusion. The fire was supposed to come from our own troops, the darkness causing the mistake. The regiment was quickly reformed, withdrawn, and taken by another route near the position we previously occupied, viz, the breastworks. Finding that during our brief absence the enemy had moved to the right, occupying the breastworks, we moved our position to the open ground between the stone fence and breastworks, our right resting near the former. We remained in this position all night, exchanging occasional shots with the enemy, our front being protected by a line of skirmishers.

Toward morning we retired some 25 paces behind rocks, being an admirable protection from the enemy’s fire and at the same time a very advantageous position to do execution.

At 4 o’clock on the morning of the 3d, the firing commenced immediately in our front, we occupying the right of the brigade. From occasional shots the firing soon became regular, being handsomely replied to by us. A constant fire of musketry was kept up. We assisted in successfully repelling a charge of the enemy, causing terrible slaughter, throwing them into confusion, and putting them to flight.

At 10.30 a. m. we were relieved by a regiment of the First Division, Sixth Corps, having been in action six consecutive hours.

We merely retired to the rear some 300 yards. We remained here until 2.30 p. m., when we were ordered again to the woods to hold the fortifications—those that the enemy held in the morning—our original position. While here we were exposed to an artillery fire with occasional musketry in our front, which lasted at intervals during the night, ceasing as the morning dawned.

(p. 854) Both officers and men did their duty. Our conduct we prefer others to speak and judge of rather than ourselves.

Our loss was small, owing to our strong defensive position., Enlisted men killed, 3; wounded, 6, and missing, 10; total, 19.* Of those missing some have turned up, reducing the loss fully one-third.

Twice during the engagement our color-hearers were shot down, killing 1 instantly and wounding the other.

We took into action 142 enlisted men and 1 staff and 6 line officers, including myself; total, 149.

    Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

                                                    FREDERICK L. GIMBER,

Capt., Comdg. One hundred and ninth Pennsylvania Vols.

    Lieut. Thomas J. Leiper,

             Acting Assistant Adjutant-General.

_____________________________________________________________________

* But see revised statement, p. 184.

_____________________________________________________________________

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 305.

Report of Lieut. Col. Thomas M. Walker, One hundred and eleventh Pennsylvania Infantry.

                                                                          Littlestown, Pa., July 6, 1863.

Sir : I have the honor to report the part taken by the One hundred and eleventh Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers in the action of July 3, on the heights before Gettysburg.

The regiment in connection with the brigade was moved into line of battle on the right of the Baltimore pike during the forenoon of the 2d instant, the One hundred and ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers on our left, and connections with the First Division on the right. We at once began building a rifle-pit of logs and stone, which was finished in about three hours.

We were undisturbed behind this, and remained until a little before dark, when we were ordered to move to the rear and abandon our works. After marching about a mile to the rear, we were again conducted up the Baltimore pike to occupy our old position. The Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, that preceded us, having been fired on from the position we were to occupy, we halted, and then moved with caution, endeavoring to get back to the trenches.

At about 11 o’clock, having got into the rear of General Greene’s brigade, which still occupied their rifle-pits, I was ordered to place my men in the trenches, and proceeded to do so, under the supposition that there was no enemy in our vicinity. Two companies on the left, which were marching in front, had been placed in position, when we received a volley from the hill, not over 6 rods from our flank and rear. I immediately placed the remaining companies in line perpendicular to the works and facing the direction of the fire we had received, sent out scouts, and ascertained positively that the hill and works on the right were occupied by the rebels, and reported to Colonel Cobham. I was ordered again by Colonel Cobham to place my men in the rifle-pits, but, protesting that my regiment, would then rest so as to be enfiladed by the line of the enemy, he permitted me to retain the position I had selected.

We remained in this position watching the enemy until 3 a. m., (p.855) when it was determined the line should be changed a very little to the rear, so as to get the advantage of a wing of General Greene’s trenches. I was endeavoring to move my regiment, a man at a time, with the utmost caution, when our watchful enemy detected a move, and, supposing we were about to retire, opened fire upon us. My men returned the fire, silencing theirs, and then moved to the position assigned them, awaiting daylight for the work to begin.

Picket firing began with the first streak of light, and about 3.45 o’clock the line of the enemy advanced with a yell. We opened fire briskly, quickly compelling them to take the shelter of the rocks and of our own trenches that were in their possession.

We continued fighting in this way until 5.55 o’clock, when we were relieved by the Twenty-ninth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, for the purpose of renewing our ammunition. After filling our boxes and wiping our guns, we returned to the same position, and continued the fight until we had again exhausted our ammunition, and were in turn relieved by the Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers. Soon after this, about 1 o’clock, the enemy retired, giving up the contest.

In this fight, about half of my regiment was in open line, fighting a desperate enemy behind the very rifle-pits they had built for their own protection. I am proud to say they fought feeling they were Pennsylvanians in Pennsylvania. We expended 160 rounds to the man.

I wish to mention as deserving praise for great bravery and coolness, Captains Woeltge, Thomas, and Warner; also that Sergeants [Henry] Dieffenbach, [George] Selkregg, [Andrew W.] Tracy, [Andrew J.] Bemis, [John L.] Wells, and [Mills F.] Allison, and Privates John Hughes and Orrin Sweet deserve mention.

We lost in this contest 5 men killed and 16 wounded, lists of which have been forwarded.

Most respectfully, your obedient servant,

                                                                           THOS. M. WALKER,

     Lieutenant-Colonel, Comdg. 111th Pennsylvania Volunteers.

Lieut. Thomas J. Leiper,

     Acting Assistant Adjutant-General.

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 307.

Reports of Brig. Gen. George S. Greene, U. S. Army, commanding Third Brigade.

Hdqrs. Third Brig., Second Div., Twelfth Corps,

                                                    Camp near Fair Play, Md., July 12, 1863.

Captain: I have the honor to report to the general commanding the operations of the Third Brigade, Second Division, Twelfth Army Corps, under my command, on July 1, 2, and 3, at the battle of Gettysburg.

Arriving from Littlestown on the field of battle, we were posted with the division on the left, on the right of the division, about half a mile to the right of Sugar Loaf Mountain, in front of the Taney-town road. There were no incidents to note on this day. On the 2d, we took position at about 6 a. m. on the right of the First Corps, on the crest of the steep and rocky hill, being thrown (p. 856) back nearly at right angles with the line of the First Corps, Rock Creek running past our front at the distance of 200 to 400 yards. Our position and the front were covered with a heavy growth of timber, free from undergrowth, with large ledges of rock projecting above the surface. These rocks and trees offered good cover for marksmen. The surface was very steep on our left, diminishing to a gentle slope on our right. The Second Brigade was on our right, thrown forward at a right angle to conform to the crest of the hill. On the right of this brigade was the First (Williams’) Division, his right resting on an impassable mill-pond on Rock Creek. As soon as we were in position, we began to intrench ourselves and throw up breastworks of the covering height, of logs, cord-wood, stones, and earth. The same was done by the troops on my right.

By 12 o’clock we had a good cover for the men. The value of this defense was shown in our subsequent operations by our small loss compared with that of the enemy during the continuous attacks by a vastly superior force. Our skirmishers were thrown out immediately on taking position, and moved toward the creek in our front, when they came to the enemy’s pickets. We remained in this position, with occasional firing of the pickets, until 6.30 p. m., when the First (Williams’) Division and the First and Second Brigades of the Second Division were ordered from my right, leaving the intrenchments of Kane’s brigade and Williams’ division unoccupied on the withdrawal of the troops.

I received orders to occupy the whole of the intrenchments previously occupied by the Twelfth Army Corps with my brigade. This movement was commenced, and the One hundred and thirty-seventh Regiment, on my right, was moved into the position occupied by Kane’s (Second) brigade. Before any further movements could be made, we were attacked on the whole of our front by a large force a few minutes before 7 p. m. The enemy made four distinct charges between 7 and 9.30 p. m., which were effectually resisted.

About 8 p. m. the enemy appeared on our right flank, in the intrenchments (which were thrown back perpendicularly to Kane’s line, occupied by Colonel Ireland with the One hundred and thirty-seventh Regiment New York Volunteers) from which Williams’ division had been withdrawn, and attacked the right flank of the One hundred and thirty-seventh Regiment New York Volunteers. Colonel Ireland withdrew his right, throwing back his line perpendicular to the intrenchments in which he had been in position, and presenting his front to the enemy in their new position.

At this time the California Regiment, Colonel Smith, reported to assist me. He was ordered into position on the right of Ireland’s regiment. They soon fell back and were withdrawn—the commanding officer saying that he had received orders from his commanding general to retire—leaving our right in a very critical position. As soon as the attack commenced, I sent to General Wadsworth, commanding the division of the First Corps on our left, and to General Howard, commanding the Eleventh Corps, posted on the left of the First Corps, for assistance, to which they promptly responded, by sending to my support the Sixth Wisconsin, Colonel Dawes; Fourteenth Brooklyn, Colonel Fowler; One hundred and forty-seventh New York, Major Banta* (in all about 355 men), from the First Corps, and the Eighty-second Illinois, Lieutenant-Colonel Salomon; Forty-fifth New York, Colonel Amsberg; Sixty-first Ohio, Colonel McGroarty (in all about 400 men), from the Eleventh Corps. These

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* Reference is probably to Major Harney.

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 (p. 857) regiments rendered good service, being sent into the trenches to relieve our regiments as their ammunition was exhausted and their muskets required cleaning. At the close of this night attack, we occupied all the trenches of the Third Brigade. Colonel Ireland had withdrawn his regiment from Kane’s trenches, and formed a line with his left in our intrenchments, and in continuation of our line toward a stone wall, which was parallel to Kane’s line and about 200 yards in its rear, behind which we found the enemy posted.

About 10 o’clock I was informed that General Kane, with his brigade, was returning to his position, and immediately sent a staff officer to advise him that the enemy were in his intrenchments, and to bring him round by the rear to my right. He had, however, already been fired on by the enemy on our right. General Kane soon arrived, and gallantly assisted us by placing his small, but very reliable, command on my right, securing that flank.

The First Brigade returned to our support at 1.30 a. m. on the 3d, and took position in support of our right. At 4 a. m. our artillery, which had been posted to attack the enemy in the intrenchments of Kane’s brigade and Williams’ division, opened, and the attack was general on our line, and continued until 10.30 a. m., when the enemy retired, their pickets remaining in our front until the night of the 4th, when they retired. The enemy were early in the day driven from our intrenchments on our right, which were occupied by Kane’s brigade and Williams’ division.

At 7.30 a. m. General Lockwood, with his brigade—First Maryland Home Brigade, Colonel Maulsby; First Eastern Shore, of Maryland, Colonel Wallace; One hundred and fiftieth New York, Colonel Ketcham, about 1,700 men—came to our support from Williams’ division and rendered efficient service. The First Maryland Home Brigade and the One hundred and fiftieth New York were distinguished for their good conduct.

Colonel Creighton, of the First Brigade, with his regiment (Seventh Ohio), arrived to my immediate support at 6 a. m., and was at once sent into the trenches. The Twenty-ninth Ohio, Captain Hayes, of the First Brigade, arrived soon after, followed by the Fifth Ohio, Colonel Patrick, and Sixty-sixth Ohio, Lieutenant-Colonel Powell.

The troops from the First and Eleventh Corps were returned to their commands as soon as their place was supplied by Lockwood’s and Candy’s brigades, having rendered good service and efficient aid. The regiments in the intrenchments were relieved from thirty to ninety minutes by others with fresh ammunition and clean arms, going forward at a double-quick and with a cheer, the regiments relieved falling back through their files when they arrived in the trenches, so that the fire was kept up constantly and efficiently over our whole line, and the men were always comparatively fresh and their arms in good order, the regiments relieved going to work with alacrity to clean their arms as soon as in rear.

Our own regiments engaged were New York Volunteers, viz: Sixtieth, Col. Abel Godard; One hundred and second, Col. J. C. Lane (who was severely wounded on the night of the 2d instant while gallantly discharging his duty, and obliged to resign the command to Capt. L. R. Stegman); Seventy-eighth, Lieutenant-Colonel Hammer-stein; One hundred and thirty-seventh, Col. David Ireland, and One hundred and forty-ninth, Col. H. A. Barnum. Colonel Barnum, who is still suffering from a severe wound received at Malvern Hill, with great resolution kept the field during the action, and part of the (p. 858) time in active command of his regiment. During most of the time the regiment was gallantly commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Randall, who was severely wounded in the morning of the 3d.

The officers and men behaved admirably during the whole of the contest. Colonel Ireland was attacked on his flank and rear. He changed his position and maintained his ground with skill and gallantry, his regiment suffering very severely. Where all so well did their duty it is difficult to specially commend any individual, but all have my hearty commendations for their gallant conduct and for the good service rendered their country.

To my own staff—Capt. C. P. Horton, assistant adjutant-general; Capt. A. B. Shipman, who, though suffering from disease, was able to be on the field part of the time, and to my aides, Lieut. C. T. Greene, Sixtieth New York Volunteers, and Lieut. J. J. Cantine, One hundred and thirty-seventh New York Volunteers—my thanks are due for their gallantry and great activity during this contest as at all other times.

Our own force engaged at different times was—

My brigade..................................................................................................... 1,350

Sent from First Corps........................................................................................ 355

Sent from Eleventh Corps................................................................................. 400

Part of Colonel Candy’s brigade.................................................................... 1,000

Total............................................................................................................... 3,105

Not more than 1,300 men were in the lines at any one time.

The loss of the enemy greatly exceeds ours. We found of their dead in front of our lines 391, and there were across the creek a number of dead, estimated at 150, making a total of killed, 541. Of the 2,000 muskets picked up on our position and in front, 1,700 must have belonged to the enemy, showing clearly a loss of killed and wounded, in addition to those who may have carried their arms off the field, estimated at 500. My brigade took 130 prisoners, showing clearly a loss to the enemy of nearly 2,400 men in our front. The loss of the enemy in officers was heavy. Maj. B. W. Leigh, General Johnson’s adjutant-general, was killed in our front, and papers indicating the troops engaged in our front found on him and forwarded to headquarters. The enemy’s force was vastly superior to ours, and is reported to be Johnson’s division, of Ewell’s corps, which attacked us on the night of the 2d instant, and the same division re-enforced by Rodes’ division on the 3d.

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Officers and men. Killed. Wounded. Missing. Total.

Commissioned officers………………          6    10    1    17

Enlisted men…………………………         56  203  31  290

Total*………………………………...        62  213  32  307

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Herewith are presented the regimental reports of Colonel Ireland, One hundred and thirty-seventh New York; Colonel Barnum, One hundred and forty-ninth New York; Colonel Godard, Sixtieth New York; Lieutenant-Colonel Hammerstein, Seventy-eighth New York,

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*But see revised statement, p. 185.

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(p. 859) and Capt. L. R. Stegman, One hundred and second New York, officers who commanded the several regiments at the close of the action.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

                                                                     GEO. S. GREENE,

Brig. Gen., Comdg. Third Brig., Second Div., Twelfth Corps.

Capt. Thomas H. Elliott,

           Asst. Adjt. Gen., Second Division, Twelfth Army Corps.

___

Hdqrs. Third Brig., Second Div., Twelfth Corps,

                                                           Near Ellis’ Ford, Va., August 15, 1863.

Sir: In addition to the above, I have the honor to report to the? commanding general, in conformity with circular from headquarters Army of the Potomac, dated August 12, 1863, requiring reports of the operations from June 28 until we arrived in the vicinity of Warrenton, that the Sixtieth, Seventy-eighth, One hundred and second, One hundred and thirty-seventh, and One hundred and forty-ninth Regiments New York Volunteers, composing my brigade, marched with the Second Division, as follows:

June 28.—Marched from Knoxville to Frederick, Md.; 11 miles.

June 29.—Marched to Big Pipe Creek; 21 miles.

June 30.—Marched to Littlestown, Pa.; 12 miles.

July 1.—Marched to Two Taverns, Pa.; 8 miles; thence to the left of the battle-field near Gettysburg; 5 miles.

July 2.—Marched to the right of the line of battle; 1.5 miles.

July 5.—Marched to Littlestown, Pa.; 13 miles.

July 7.—Marched to Walkersville and through Frederick, Md.; 29 miles.

July 8.—Marched to Jefferson, Md.; 15 miles.

July 9.—Marched to Rohrersville, Md.; 11 miles.

July 10.—Marched to near Bakersville, Md.; 7 miles.

July 11.—Marched to Fair Play; 6 miles.

July 13.—Changed position to the right, to the left of the First; Division of the Twelfth Corps, this brigade being the right of the Second Division; threw up intrenchments, covering our front and in continuation of the intrenchments in the other brigades of the division, and in position with the intrenchments of the First Division, on our right.

July 14.—Brigade remained in line of battle behind intrenchments, and worked on intrenchments while the troops on our right advanced to the front.

July 15, 5 a. m.—Marched toward Pleasant Valley, through Sharps-burg and Antietam Furnace. Bivouacked near Harper’s Ferry, on northwest of Maryland Heights; 16 miles.

July 16.—Marched to Pleasant Valley; 3 miles.

July 17 and 18.—Remained in camp. Received supplies of clothing and provisions.

July 19.—Crossed the Potomac to Harper’s Ferry on pontoon bridge, and the Shenandoah, and marched up Loudoun Valley; 9 miles.

July 20.—Marched to Snickersville; 11 miles.

July 21 and 22.—Remained in camp at Snickersville.

July 23.—Marched to Ashby’s Gap, and thence to near Markham Station; 23 miles.(p. 860)

July 24.—Marched to Linden Station; thence to Markham and to Piedmont; 22 miles.

July 25.—Marched to Thoroughfare Gap; 16 miles.

July 26.—Marched to Warrenton Junction; 22 miles.

July 27 to 30.—Encamped at Warrenton Junction.

July 31.—Marched to Ellis’ Ford, on the Rappahannock River; 26 miles.

The Sixtieth, Seventy-eighth, One hundred and second, and One hundred and forty-ninth New York Volunteers took position at Ellis’ Ford, and the One hundred and thirty-seventh Regiment New York Volunteers took position at Kemper’s Ford.

Most respectfully, your obedient servant,

                                                                                     GEO. S. GREENE,

Brig. Gen., Comdg. Third Brig., Second Div., Twelfth Corps.

Capt. Thomas H. Elliott,

                  Assistant Adjutant-General.

_______

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 308.

Report of Col. Abel Godard, Sixtieth New York Infantry.

                                                                          Near Gettysburg, Pa.,

                                                                                            July 4, 1863.

Captain : Herewith I have the honor to report that the situation and condition of the Sixtieth Regiment New York Volunteers, under my command at the battle of Gettysburg, Pa., July 2 and 3, were as follows, to wit:

On July 2, at or about 6 a. m., the regiment with the brigade -assumed position in line of battle, connecting with the right of the First Army Corps, where my command threw up intrenchments, by order of General Greene, in person commanding Third Brigade. The men of the regiment worked with a will until about 9 a. m., by that time completing the intrenchments, which commanded on the left and center of the regiment the brow of a precipitous hill, and on the right extending to low ground. This line of intrenchments was about 1 mile from the enemy’s front, as I estimated the distance. Our works connected on the right with those of the One hundred and second New Yolk Volunteers, of our brigade.

From 9 a. m. to 4 p.m., or thereabouts, my men lay quietly behind our line of arms in the rear of our works. In the meanwhile-General Greene passed frequently, inspecting the works.

At about 4 p. m. General Geary, commanding our division, espying the enemy in line, apparently a brigade, in force on my left, placed in position four guns, one in my line, whose firing scattered the enemy rom our view. During the half hour’s firing of the gun in our line, the gunners, being wounded, were replaced by men from my regiment who were acquainted with artillery practice.

The gun was removed before 5 p. m., and the line of the regiment was quiet until about 7 p. m., when the enemy’s infantry advanced in force, our skirmishers falling back within our line, and we opened a fire upon the enemy’s line, which continued along our whole line -at close range, with, as was afterward discovered, terrible effect for about two hours, when, the firing of the enemy being nearly silenced, (p. 861) I ordered an advance of a portion of our regiment, who eagerly leaped the works and surrounded about 50 of the enemy, among whom were 2 officers, and took at the time two flags, one a brigade color and the other a regimental banner. At the receipt of these flags, a quiet enthusiasm pervaded the men and officers of the regiment.

After the opening of the infantry fire, an order was received from General Greene that I must hold the works under all circumstances. I sent frequently for ammunition, which was promptly furnished, the right being out of ammunition but one time, when, by my order, bayonets were fixed, and thus remained until their boxes were replenished.

All the commands were received by the men coolly, and instantly obeyed, more especially the orders “commence firing” and “cease firing.” During this time 9 men were killed and 16 wounded.

There was occasional firing by our regimental line until the break of day, July 3, when, with the exception of a reply to rebel sharpshooters, the firing ceased. We could then see large numbers of the' enemy’s dead within less than 50 feet of our line.

My men numbered 255 and 16 line officers, 1 adjutant, 1 field officer (Lieutenant-Colonel Redington on July 2 being brigade officer of the day, but after the picket and skirmishers came in did not report to me during the engagement, only being at the rear of the regiment late in the morning of the 3d).

The light firing above mentioned continued until a repeated advance of the enemy’s infantry at about 4 a. m. July 3, when heavy firing opened on both sides, and continued until 9.30 a. m., the enemy being steadily held in check, at which time they retired, leaving only sharpshooters, who kept up interval firing until about 2p. m., when my men being much exhausted, the Sixtieth were relieved for one hour, retiring from and returning to the intrenchments under a sharp fire of sharpshooters.

During the morning we sustained a loss of 2 men killed and W wounded, in addition to 2 lieutenants, one slightly, the other severely, wounded.

Our men resumed their places behind the works about one hour after being first relieved, and then remained until 2 a. m. July 4, meanwhile there being no firing.

Too much praise cannot be awarded the regiment for its coolness-and perfect obedience to orders. Officers and men are alike entitled to a proud reputation for efficient service in defending the hill on which they were situated, it being a most commanding position on the left of the Twelfth Corps.

The colors above named captured by the regiment have been forwarded to brigade headquarters, thence to be sent to the proper department. The proper record of capture is inscribed upon them.

A full and complete list of killed, wounded, and missing has already; been forwarded to brigade headquarters.*

This supplementary report is most respectfully submitted.

ABEL GODARD,

Colonel, Commanding Sixtieth New York Volunteers.

Capt. C. P. Horton,

1. A. G., Third Brig., Second Div., Twelfth Army Corps.

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* Embodied in revised statement, p. 185.

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­­­­­­­­­­­­­__________

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 309.                                                                                                   

Report of Lieut. Col. John C. O. Redington, Sixtieth New York Infantry.

(p. 862)                           Camp near Littlestown, Pa.,

                                                                       July 6, 1863.

Captain: I have the honor to report the action of the brigade skirmishers at Gettysburg on July 2.

We relieved about 8 a. m. two companies of the Seventh Indiana, of the First Corps, my force consisting of 7 officers and 170 men, with which I covered the entire front of the Second Division. We advanced beyond the brook, and held our line until the advance of the line of battle of the enemy, about 7 p. m. During the day scouts were sent out in front of the line of skirmishers, and information obtained.

About 4 p. m. the enemy planted a battery on a hill opposite the left of our line. I sent forward about 25 sharpshooters, who opened a brisk fire on the cannoneers. A fire from Knap’s battery was also opened upon it. Under both fires the position was soon evacuated. The enemy four times advanced their skirmishers (once or twice in a double line), but our skirmishers drove them back.

At about 7 p. m. they began the advance with their line of battle. I immediately withdrew my line to this side of the brook, and threw forward every man of my reserve. We held this point with the briskest fire we could concentrate. Their line of battle was seen to lie down in the grass. We fell back as slowly as possible, the men under my command behaving in a truly splendid manner. Many had never drilled in skirmish tactics. I desired to hold a line about 100 yards this side of the brook and sweep them as they crossed the brook. I sent back to the commander of the Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania, which had been sent out as a reserve, asking him to move up to that line. He returned answer that he had been ordered to return to the intrenchments. I therefore fell back slowly with my 170 men, contesting every inch of ground, the enemy close on to our heels and firing occasional volleys at us. The darkness was so great in this part of the woods that we could not see the enemy, and we fired at the flashes of their guns. They were so close to us that we took 12 prisoners. When within 50 yards of the works, I ordered the line to fall back into the earthworks.

It was a half hour by the watch from the time that the enemy’s line of battle started when my line of skirmishers entered our works. ' I regret to have to report that a portion of the line in the trenches commenced firing before our skirmishers had come in, killing and wounding several.

Our loss from the enemy’s fire was very small, so perfect was our concealment.

I desire to mention for his conspicuously gallant conduct the name of Private Peter Fifer, of Company B, One hundred and second New' York.

     Respectfully, your obedient servant,

                                                               JOHN C. O. REDINGTON,

Lieut. Col. Sixtieth New York Vols., Field Officer of the Day.

Capt. C. P. Horton,

1. A. G., Third Brig., Second Div., Twelfth Corps.

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 310.

(p. 863) Report of Lieut. Col. Herbert von Hammerstein, Seventy-eighth New York Infantry.

                                                                                   Littlestown, Pa., July 6, 1863.

Captain: I have the honor to report the part which my regiment took in the engagement on July 2, 3, and 4.

On the morning of the 2d, about 6 o’clock, my regiment took position on the left of the brigade, in line of battle, having the Sixtieth New York Volunteers on its right and the First Army Corps on its left. It covered part of the crest of a steep hill. A breastwork of trees and dirt was soon thrown up, and the day passed till about 4 o’clock without any incident. At about that time a battery of the enemy, numbering eight pieces, opened on a battery on our left, the shots passing our line without doing injury, when Battery K, Fifth U. S. Artillery, with two 10-pounder Parrott and two Napoleon guns, was at 4.30 o’clock ordered up to occupy the position which my regiment occupied and silence the rebel guns. I fell back a few yards to the rear of the battery, and remained there during the artillery contest.

The firing of this battery was masterly; at 5.30 o’clock every gun of the enemy was silenced, the battery losing several of their gunners and drivers. My men volunteered to supply their places, and, besides, assisted during the whole engagement in carrying ammunition from the caissons to the guns. We only lost 1 man killed and 1 wounded at that place.

 At about 6 o’clock the battery was withdrawn, and, after reoccupying my old position, I received orders from Brigadier-General Greene to relieve the Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers as skirmishers with my regiment. I at once marched the regiment down to the center of our brigade, crossed the breastworks, and deployed my skirmishers, not being able to see the Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and having no time to look for them, as the enemy was already pressing all the skirmishers back. Our skirmishers came in soon, and, after giving and receiving some severe volleys of musketry, we fell back across the breastworks. The whole line behind the works was then occupied by our brigade, no interval existing. General Greene ordered me to fall in, with my regiment in front of me, which I did. I joined the One hundred and second New York, and we, with the rest of the brigade, succeeded in repulsing a most furious attack of the enemy, beginning at 6.40 o’clock and ending at 9.30 o’clock, when the enemy fell back, and we fired our last round of ammunition.

The rest of the night we remained behind the breastworks under arms, only annoyed by sharpshooters.

Filling our boxes with ammunition, at 3.30 a. m. I received orders to occupy a place between the One hundred and second and Sixtieth Regiments, which was done immediately, and ten minutes afterward the attack began with the same energy which the rebels displayed on the evening before. Our men succeeded in repulsing them totally, with the same coolness and determination, before 6 a. m.

At 7.40 o’clock my regiment was relieved by the One hundred and fiftieth New York Volunteers, to rest and clean their guns.

At 9 a. m. we reoccupied our old place, remaining there until 1 p. m., only annoyed by sharpshooters.

At 1 o’clock we were relieved again.

(p. 864) From 9 p. m. till 1 a. m. we were at the breastworks again. After that we remained somewhat in the rear of the breastworks, the enemy haying entirely abandoned his lines in our front.

The official list of killed, wounded, and missing has been forwarded already to your headquarters.* Among the wounded is Major Randall, who was shot while gallantly discharging his duties. The main loss endured was while the regiment was skirmishing.

Having commanded this regiment the first time in action (its strength being not more than 200), I am fully satisfied with the conduct of officers and men; they fought with cool determination, like good soldiers and brave men. Adjutant Postley was conspicuous for the coolness and zeal with which he kept the regiment supplied with ammunition under a very hot fire. In submitting this report, I have the honor to be, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, H. HAMMERSTEIN, Lieutenant- Colonel, Commanding. Capt. C. P. Horton, Assistant Adjutant-General.

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* Embodied in revised statement, p. 185.

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THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 311.

Report of Capt. Lewis R. Stegman, One hundred and second New York Infantry.

                                                                        Near Littlestown, Pa., July 6, 1863.

Captain: I have the honor to submit the following report of operations of the One hundred and second Regiment New York Volunteers in the battle of Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 2, and 3:

July 1, this regiment marched with the brigade from Two Taverns to a position on the extreme left of our army, then engaged with the enemy’s skirmishers; were advanced, and the position occupied until shortly after daylight the next morning, July 2.

The division being moved to the right of the army, the One hundred and second New York was formed in line upon the side of a precipitous hill; the One hundred and forty-ninth New York upon the right, and the Sixtieth New York upon the left. Skirmishers and pickets from the First Corps occupied our front, but were relieved by detail. The men were ordered to build breastworks, and did so with the best material at hand—cord-wood and rock—making, however, a strong line. The Sixtieth and One hundred and forty-ninth New York Regiments extended their lines to connect with ours, thus-forming a long and continuous breastwork. Artillery firing took place from our immediate rear upon the enemy, drawing a fire in reply, but doing no serious damage. This occurred about 4 p. m., and continued for about an hour, perhaps more.

Shortly after 6 p. m. the regiment was moved by the right flank to the intrenchments occupied by the One hundred and forty-ninth New York, the men forming in single file, with intervening spaces of a foot or more. The men had scarcely taken this position when some sharp musketry firing took place, proving an advance of the enemy, (p. 865) and causing our pickets to retire. The Seventy-eighth New York was dispatched through our lines to their relief, bravely led by Lieutenant-Colonel Hammerstein. The blaze of fire which lighted up the darkness of the valley below us; the desperate charging yell and halloa of the rebel troops, convinced us of an immediate engagement. The men were cheered by their officers, continued to be on the alert, and to allow our pickets to pass.

The Seventy-eighth soon fell back in good order before the heavy columns of the foe, forming on the rear of our right wing, where they remained during the battle, relieving our men and in turn being relieved, fighting desperately and bravely. The pickets having crossed the breastworks, the whistling of the balls announced the advance of the enemy to close quarters. It was answered by volley after volley of the most destructive musketry from our regiment, being unceasing for two hours.

About 8 p. m. the right wing was re-enforced by the Sixth Wisconsin Regiment, Wadsworth’s division, First Army Corps. About 8.30 p. m. the left was re-enforced by the Forty-fifth New York, Eleventh Corps, which occupied the position until the firing ceased. The One hundred and second New York never left its position, nor did one man flinch from his full duty. The firing ceased along the line about 9.30 p. m. During the night, about 1 a. m. and again at 2 a. m., volleys were delivered by both sides.

At 3.30 a. m. the engagement recommenced with renewed intensity, this regiment holding the breastworks until nearly 9 a. m., in the face of a fearfully destructive fire, when they were relieved by the One hundred and fiftieth New York Volunteers. In about twenty minutes the regiment relieved the One hundred and fiftieth New York. About an hour thereafter the regiment was again relieved by the One hundred and fiftieth New York. They had scarcely formed near brigade headquarters when the First Maryland Regiment retired from the trenches without orders, and the One hundred and second New York was ordered to the position left vacant. Under a heavy fire from sharpshooters, they occupied this position until 2 p. m., when they were relieved by the Sixtieth New York Volunteers.

About 4 p. m. this regiment was ordered to report to Brigadier-General Wadsworth, First Corps, by whom they were placed in reserve to his left wing, but in position to be used at any point in the line.

This position was occupied until the brigade vacated its position July 5.

Too much credit cannot be given to the officers and men of the regiment for their unflinching courage and devotion; when their ammunition was expended, with determined spirits they awaited the enemy’s onset with fixed bayonets. True and trusty, they have added renewed luster to the bright name already borne, so hardly won on many a desperately contested field.

Ever conspicuous in the battle, cheering on the men by his presence and voice, Colonel Lane was wounded about 9 p. m. Sorrowfully I record the fact of the loss of two brave officers—Capt. John Mead, Company K, and Adjt. J. Virgil Upham, while gallantly cheering the men in their labors.

Where every officer acted conspicuously, bravely, and courageously, I can scarcely find one action more creditable than any other in any one. All acted most nobly and heroically.

(p.866) Our loss in killed, wounded, and missing amounted to but 32,* the breastworks forming a splendid protection.

I am, sir, with great respect, your most obedient servant,

1. R. STEGMAN,

                    Captain, Comdg. One hundred and second New York Vols.

Capt. C. P. Horton,

1. A. G., Third Brig., Second Div., Twelfth Army Corps.

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*But see revised statement, p. 185.

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______

THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 312.

Report of Col. David Ireland, One hundred and thirty-seventh New York Infantry.

In the Field, at Littlestown, Pa.,

                                                                                   July 6, 1863.

 Captain: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken in the late engagement by the One hundred and thirty-seventh Regiment New York Volunteers :

On the afternoon of July 1, we marched from the village of Two Taverns to near the town of Gettysburg, when we took a road to the left, and on arriving at the left of our lines we formed column of division, and deployed a company as skirmishers. In this manner we advanced about half a mile to the brow of a hill, and there remained for the night.

Early on the morning of Thursday, July 2, we marched from the position on the left to a position on the right of the road to Gettysburg and parallel to it. In this position we constructed a line of breastworks covering the front of the regiment. The breastworks were completed about noon. We marched in them and remained there until about 6 p. m., when I received orders to send out a company of skirmishers. Company H, Capt. C. F. Baragar, was detailed. At the same time we were ordered to change our position to the line of works constructed by General Kane’s brigade, to occupy which we had to form line one man deep. In this position the right of our regiment was entirely unprotected.

About 7 p. m. our skirmishers were driven in by the enemy, who were advancing in force, and, as near as I could see, in three lines.

We remained in this position fighting the enemy until about 7.30 o’clock, when the enemy advanced on our right flank. At this time I ordered Company A, the right-flank company, to form at right angles with the breastworks, and check the advance of the enemy, and they did for some time, but, being sorely pressed, they fell back a short distance to a better position, and there remained until Lieutenant Cantine, of General Greene’s staff, brought up a regiment of the First Corps. I placed them in the position occupied by Company A, but they remained there but a short time. They fell back to the line of works constructed by the Third Brigade. At this time we were being fired on heavily from three sides—from the front of the works, from the right, and from a stone wall in our rear. Here we lost severely in killed and wounded.

At this time I ordered the regiment back to the line of works of the Third Brigade, and formed line on the prolongation of the works, (p. 867) and there held the enemy in check until relieved by the Fourteenth New York Volunteers, Colonel Fowler commanding, and the Second Brigade, Second Division, General Kane commanding.

While in this position, and previous to being relieved, Captain Gregg, in command of a small squad of men, charged with the bayonet the enemy that were harassing us most, and fell, mortally wounded, leading and cheering on his men.

When relieved by the Fourteenth New York, we formed line in their rear, and in that position remained during the night.

At 3 a. m. of Friday, July 3, we relieved the One hundred and forty-seventh New York Volunteers in the breastworks, and at 4 a. m. the enemy advanced with a yell and opened on us. Their fire was returned, and kept up unceasingly until 5.45 o’clock, when we were relieved in splendid style by the Twenty-ninth Ohio Volunteers, commanded by Captain Hayes. We relieved them at 7 a. m., and were relieved again at 9.30 a. m.

We relieved the Twenty-ninth Ohio again about 10.15 a. m. We were there but a short time when the fire slackened, and we retired a short distance, when the men rested and cleaned their arms.

We relieved the Fifth Ohio Volunteers, Colonel Patrick commanding, at 9 p. m., and were relieved by him at 1 a. m. on Saturday, July 4. We were not under fire again during the engagement.

During the heavy musketry firing on the morning of Friday, July 3, a squad of 52 rebels surrendered to Capt. Silas Pierson, who sent them to the rear. From them we learned that we had been engaged with the Stonewall Division, of Ewell’s corps.

Throughout the whole of the engagement the officers and men of this regiment did their duty, and did it well—more especially those officers that are killed. Captain Gregg fell, nobly leading on his men. I had thanked Captain Williams for his coolness and courage but a short time before he fell, and Lieutenant Van Emburgh, acting adjutant, was everywhere conspicuous for his bravery, and fell, cheering the men. He was a good and brave officer. His loss will be much regretted. Lieutenant Hallett fell, doing his duty. From our heavy loss in killed and wounded, some idea may be formed of the severity of the fire we were under. We had killed, wounded, and missing as follows : Killed, 38, and wounded, 86.*

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

DAVID IRELAND,

Colonel, Commanding 137th New York Volunteers.

Capt. C. P. Horton,

 Assistant Adjutant-General, Third Brigade.

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*But see revised statement, p. 185.

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THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 313.

Report of Col. Henry A. Barnum, One hundred and forty-ninth New York Infantry.

Camp near Littlestown, Pa., July 6, 1863.

Captain: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of my command at the battle of Gettysburg, on July 1, 2, and 3:

On the 1st instant, the regiment broke camp with the corps at (p. 868) Littlestown, and marched to Two Taverns, where we arrived at about 12 m., and the command rested until 3.30 p. m., when we were hastened forward in support of the First and Eleventh Corps, which had engaged the enemy at Gettysburg. We were posted m double columns with the balance of the division near what was afterward the left of our general line of battle. A strong line of skirmishers at about 6 p. m. was thrown well to the front, and remained in position until about 4 a. m. of the 2d instant, when, with the division, we were marched across the fields, and placed in line of battle along the crest of a wooded hill of slight elevation, at the right of the First Division, First Corps, and near the right of our general line of battle. A strong line of skirmishers was thrown well to the front.

My command was second from the right of our brigade. A substantial breastwork of stones, logs, rails, and earth was hastily constructed, and the regiment rested in its rear until about 6.45 p. m., when the enemy drove in our skirmishers and attacked us in large force. The enemy made repeated and desperate charges upon our position, but was as often repulsed with great slaughter to him until our ammunition gave out, when we held the position with the bayonet and such limited firing as could be made with the ammunition of the killed and wounded.

At about 8 p. m. the enemy gained a hill on the right flank of our position. Seeing the regiment on my right give way, I attempted to change the front of the three right companies to resist him. The order was understood by the line officers for the regiment to fall back, which it proceeded to do in good order, but was brought to the right-about before getting 3 rods away, and again put in the trenches. This movement was executed under a most galling fire and when wholly exposed, as the ground a short distance to the rear of the works was elevated so as to give full range to the enemy’s musketry.

At about 9.30 p. m. the enemy, repulsed in his every effort, withdrew. The regiment was relieved at about 10 p. m., but remained immediately in rear of the trenches during the night.

At about 4 a. m. of the 3d, the regiment was again put into the trenches, and had barely settled into position when the enemy again furiously attacked us. His charges were most impetuous and his fire terrific. Twice was our flag shot down, and a rebel first sergeant, in a brave attempt to capture it, fell within 2 feet of the prostrate banner, pierced with five balls. Its record of the bloody contest is eighty-one balls through its field and stripes and seven in its staff. Each time it fell, the color-sergeant, William C. Lilly, spliced the staff, and again placed it upon the works, and received a slight wound in doing so. The regiment was relieved at 6.30 o’clock, but went into the works three other times before the fight closed, which was about. 1 p. m.

With a single exception among the officers, and but very few among the men, all performed their duty to my entire satisfaction, and far exceeded what might have been reasonably expected of a regiment in its second engagement. The exceptions I have noted, and the delinquents will be properly disciplined. When so many did so well, it would be invidious to make special mention of some in the rank and line who were particularly brave and meritorious. I should disappoint my entire command, however, if I did not call especial attention to the consummate skill and unsurpassed coolness and bravery of Lieut. Col. Charles B. Randall, who was dangerously wounded in the left breast and arm while cheering the men to their (p. 869) work. Through illness of myself, he was in command of the regiment after the fight closed on the 2d instant, and during the whole •of the fight of the 3d until wounded, which was near the close of the contest. I was present during a part of the time the regiment was engaged on the 3d, but was unable to assume command.

Appended is a list of our casualties,* which are so small, in view of the long exposure and heavy fire under which the command was placed, only because of the excellent management of its officers, the substantial character of our works, and the advantage of our position.

I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

1. A. BARNUM,

                                                       Colonel, Comdg. 149th New York Vols.

Capt. C. P. Horton,

        Assistant Adjutant-General.

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* Embodied in revised statement, p. 185.

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THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN.

No. 314.

Report of Lieut. Edward D. Muhlenberg, Fourth U. S. Artillery, commanding Artillery Brigade, Twelfth Army Corps.

Hdqrs. Artillery Brigade, Twelfth Corps,

                                                      Near Kelly’s Ford, Va., August —, 1863.

General: I have the honor to submit the following movements and operations of the artillery arm of the Twelfth Corps, from the date of its departure from camp at Aquia to its arrival in its present position:

The brigade—F, Fourth U. S. Artillery; K, Fifth U. S. Artillery; Knap’s Independent Pennsylvania, and M, First New York—broke camp on June 13. Marched, via Stafford Court-House, Dumfries, and Occoquan City, to Fairfax Court-House, Va. Left the latter place, and occupied Leesburg on the 17th, the batteries, to be prepared for any emergency, taking positions near the fortifications situated on the west, northeast, and southeast approaches to said place.

On the 26th, the corps was again in motion. Two batteries (F, Fourth U. S. Artillery, and M, First New York), with First Division, and two (K, Fifth U. S. Artillery and Knap’s Independent Pennsylvania), with Second Division, crossed the Potomac at Edwards Ferry; marched, via Rockville, Jefferson, Frederick, and Brentsville, Md., to Littlestown, Pa., entering the latter place on the 30th.

On July 1, the brigade, moving along the Baltimore pike to a point 5 miles southeast of Gettysburg, called Two Taverns, took position there to counteract any movement of the enemy from the Hanover side.

About noon of the same day, the two batteries attached to it moved with the First Division away from the pike in a northeasterly direction toward the Hanover road, and, approaching Gettysburg from the east, took position on tolerably favorable ground about 1.5 miles from it; the two batteries moving with the Second Division along the Baltimore pike encamped about the same distance from the town.

On the morning of the 2d, the batteries operating with First Division (p.870) moved with it over to the Baltimore pike. The infantry, going into the heavy woods on the northeast side of same and forming junction with the Second Division, completed the right wing of the army: The density of the growth of timber, the irregularity and extremely broken character of the ground, studded with immense bowlders, prevented the artillery from taking position in the line proper of the corps. It was, therefore, held in reserve and readiness to answer all calls which might be made upon it by the future movements of the opposing forces. The enemy seriously annoying the left of the line of the Twelfth, a vacant space eligible for a battery was found about 200 yards on the right of the First Corps. At 3.30 p. m. one gun (10-pounder Parrott), and at 5 p. in. two more of the same caliber, Knap’s Independent Pennsylvania, the three under charge of Lieutenant Geary, were placed in position, and were joined by one section of 12-pounder Napoleons (K, Fifth U. S. Artillery), under charge of Second Lieut. William E. Van Reed. The moment their presence was observed, the enemy opened with eight guns; continued an incessant fire for some thirty minutes; then, having a caisson exploded, ceased.

The conduct of both the officers above mentioned, as well as of their commands, is creditable in the highest degree. The remarkable coolness exhibited under a very galling fire, and the bravery displayed in sustaining all the parts assigned to them, deserve notice. In this engagement, or artillery duel, Lieutenant Geary had 1 killed and 2 wounded; Lieutenant Van Reed, 2 mortally and 3 severely wounded.

The rebel artillery having ceased firing, no infantry making its appearance, and the corps having been ordered to the left of the army, to support it, if necessary, these guns were withdrawn from the above position, and Knap’s Independent Pennsylvania Battery, Lieut. Charles A. Atwell commanding, was placed on a knob situated southwest of the pike 100 yards from it, and known on that day as Slocum’s Hill; Battery M, First New York Artillery, Lieutenant Winegar commanding, on a second elevation, a quarter of a mile distant, and nearly due east from the first mentioned, both overlooking and commanding the ground just vacated by the corps. These two batteries retained these positions during the whole engagement and did excellent service. Battery F, Fourth U. S. Artillery, and Battery K, Fifth U. S. Artillery, remained in park at base of the Slocum’s Hill, ready for a move to the left, if called upon.

After the return of the corps from the left, it found the greater portion of its intrenchments already in possession of the enemy, supposed to be a portion of General Ewell’s corps, variously estimated from 5,000 to 8,000 strong.

On the morning of the 3d, at 1 a. m., Batteries F, Fourth U. S. Artillery, and K, Fifth U. S. Artillery, were placed in position parallel to and on the southwest side of the Baltimore pike, almost directly opposite the center of the line formed by the Twelfth, and controlling the approach of the enemy along the ravine formed by the stream known as Rock Creek.

At 4.30 a. m. the two rifle batteries (ten guns) and the two light 12-pounder batteries (ten guns) opened, and fired for fifteen minutes without intermission at a range of from 600 to 800 yards; ceased .firing, and allowed infantry to take part. Commenced at 5.30 a. m., and continued firing at intervals until 10 a. m., at which hour the enemy had retreated and the infantry of the corps had regained their (p. 871) works. The artillery was of essential service, and did excellent execution at this part of the field, and no doubt contributed greatly in preventing the enemy from establishing himself in so desirable a position, whence he could either have held the pike or have moved is force along the southeast slope and occupied a sufficiency of Cemetery Hill to annoy, if not to entirely control, the position held by the army. The marks on the trees and immense bowlders contiguous to the line of intrenchments prove conclusively that the practice of the artillery was excellent and splendidly accurate.

Batteries F, Fourth U. S. Artillery, and K, Fifth U. S. Artillery, remaining in the position just mentioned, were exposed to a most terrific fire during the afternoon of the 3d, the enemy opening with all his artillery upon the left and center of the army. The direction of their lines of fire was such that almost every projectile passing over Cemetery Hill found its bed within the battery line of these two batteries. The commands stood nobly under this unexpected and incessant hail, and displayed by their actions the attributes of true soldiers. I take the greatest pleasure in presenting to your favorable notice Lieut. D. H. Kinzie, commanding Battery K, Fifth U. S. Artillery, and his second lieutenant, William Egan, as well as Lieut. S. T. Rugg, of my own command, Battery F, Fourth U. S. Artillery. The batteries, observing the same order of march as before, moved with the corps on the 5th, via Littlestown, Pa., Frederick, Burkittsville (one section in position at Crampton’s Gap on the 8th, under Second Lieut. S. T. Rugg), Rohrersville, Bakersville, and Fair Play, Md., and took position on the 12th on the left of the new line of battle, 1 mile from Jones’ Cross-Roads, on the west side of the Hagerstown and Sharpsburg pike. Remained here until the 14th. Made a reconnaissance with the First Division batteries toward Falling Waters, and found the enemy had recrossed the Potomac. Broke camp on the 15th. Recrossed the Potomac at Harper’s Ferry on the 19th. Marched, via Snickersville, Paris, Manassas Gap, Rectortown, White Plains, Thoroughfare Gap, Hay Market, Catlett’s Station, and Warrenton Junction, to our present position, on the south side of the Rappahannock River, which we reached on the 30th ultimo. A list of casualties is herewith annexed. * I have the honor to remain, your most obedient servant,

                                        EDWARD D. MUHLENBERG,

First Lieut., 4th U, S, Arty., Comdg. Arty, Brig., 12th Corps. Brig.

Gen. Henry J. Hunt,

              Chief of Artillery, Army of the Potomac,

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* Embodied in revised statement, p. 185.

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APPENDIX.

Embracing documents received too late for insertion in proper sequence.

Recommendation of Maj. Gen. George G. Meade, U. S. Army, commanding Army of the Potomac, for the promotion of Col. Strong Vincent, Eighty-third Pennsylvania Infantry.

Headquarters Army of the Potomac, July 3, 1863. Maj. Gen. H. W. Halleck, Washington: I would respectfully request that Col. Strong Vincent, Eighty-third Pennsylvania Regiment, be made a brigadier-general of volunteers for gallant conduct on the field yesterday. He is mortally wounded, and it would gratify his friends, as well as myself. It was my intention to have recommended him with others, should he live. Among the general officers wounded to-day I omitted to mention in previous dispatch Major-General Butterfield, not seriously, and Major-General Doubleday.

GEO. G. MEADE,

Major-General.

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Report of Maj. Charles R. Mudge, Second Massachusetts Infantry.

Bivouac near Bealeton Station,

                                                                                            June 10, 1863.

Sir: I have the honor to report the part taken by my regiment in the late expedition, as follows:

In accordance with orders received, my regiment, consisting of 291 enlisted men and 21 officers, formed line with the Third Wisconsin Regiment, and the detachment under Lieutenant-Colonel Flood, Third Wisconsin, left Stafford Court-House, Va., at about 6 p. m., the 6th instant. We arrived at Spotted Tavern at 2.10 a. m. the 7th instant, and leaving there at 10 a. m. the same day, arrived near Bealeton Station about 6 p. m. the same instant. Three men were sent back from the tavern with the extra ambulance, being unable to march. Three more from the station for same reason.

(P.1044) On the 8th. instant we marched to Beverly Ford, and crossed the next morning at 6 o’clock. Threw out four companies as skirmishers, who were misled by the next detachment, and when on their way to join the regiment, were taken by General Pleasonton and placed in different positions on the right. While there, one company, in connection with one of the Third Wisconsin, took 16 prisoners of the Second North Carolina Cavalry, which regiment they dislodged from behind a stone wall. I threw out two more companies to take their place, afterward one more to fill a gap caused by the moving of the cavalry with whom I connected on the left. Then sent two companies to support a section of artillery on my left, which left me with only the color company as reserve. The men, whenever engaged, behaved well and inflicted severe loss upon the enemy. When he advanced, the three companies last detailed rejoined me, and I was sent to the support of Colonel Underwood, Thirty-third Massachusetts. When the line was drawn back I was sent to the support of General Buford, by order of General Pleasonton, where I remained until ordered to take the Twelfth Corps detachment across the river, near which we camped that night, and this morning came to this place with 20 officers and 279 enlisted men. Our loss in the engagement was 1 killed, 3 wounded, and 2 missing. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

1. R. MUDGE,

Major, Commanding Second Massachusetts Infantry.

Brigadier-General Ames,

     Commanding Infantry Detachment.

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